There are 13 states and 3 federal territories In Malaysia.
Seven states (Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Pahang, Perak, Selangor, and Terengganu) are led by hereditary rulers of sultans, Negeri Sembilan is led by Yang di-Pertuan Besar and Perlis has a raja. Four other states (Melaka, Penang, Sarawak, and Sabah) are led by governors.
Sultans, raja and Yang di-Pertuan Besar in the 9 states are hereditary rulers, while governors in the 4 states are appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia with a renewable four-year term, however, most of them are reappointed after their first terms.
All the 13 states celebrate rulers' birthdays, while federal territories celebrate Federal Territory Day.
The following is the list of Sultan's or Governor's Birthday in 2023.
| Holiday | State | Method | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Agong's Birthday | National | Elected | Jun 05, 2023 |
| Sultan of Johor's Birthday | Johor | Hereditary | Mar 23, 2023 |
| Sultan of Kedah's Birthday | Kedah | Hereditary | Jun 18, 2023 |
| Sultan of Kelantan's Birthday | Kelantan | Hereditary | Nov 11, 2023 Nov 12, 2023 |
| Sultan of Pahang's Birthday | Pahang | Hereditary | Jul 30, 2023 |
| Sultan of Perak's Birthday | Perak | Hereditary | Nov 03, 2023 |
| Sultan of Selangor's Birthday | Selangor | Hereditary | Dec 11, 2023 |
| Sultan of Terengganu's Birthday | Terengganu | Hereditary | Apr 26, 2023 |
| Yang di-Pertuan Besar (YDPB) of Negeri Sembilan's Birthday | Negeri Sembilan | Hereditary | Jan 14, 2023 |
| Raja Perlis' Birthday | Raja Perlis | Hereditary | Jul 17, 2023 |
| Melaka Governor's Birthday | Melaka | Appointed | Aug 24, 2023 |
| Penang Governor's Birthday | Penang | Appointed | Jul 08, 2023 |
| Sabah Governor's Birthday | Sabah | Appointed | Oct 07, 2023 |
| Sarawak Governor's Birthday | Sarawak | Appointed | Oct 14, 2023 |
| Federal Territory Day | Kuala Lumpur Labuan Putrajaya | NA | Feb 01, 2023 |
