Republic of Latvia Proclamation Day marks the 1918 declaration of independence in Riga, when Latvia became a sovereign state. The day honors national unity, freedom, and the enduring spirit of the Latvian people.

When is Republic of Latvia Proclamation Day?

Republic of Latvia Proclamation Day is celebrated on November 18 every year.

The following is the list of Republic of Latvia Proclamation Day from 2020 to 2049.

The History of Republic of Latvia Proclamation Day?

In the early 20th century, Latvia was part of the Russian Empire, divided among provinces such as Livonia, Courland, and Latgale. The First World War (1914–1918) and the Russian Revolution (1917) drastically altered the political landscape, creating an opportunity for Baltic nations to pursue independence.

Amid the chaos following the fall of the Tsarist regime, Latvians sought self-determination, inspired by growing national consciousness and cultural revival from the Latvian National Awakening of the late 19th century.

During World War I, Latvian soldiers, known as the Latvian Riflemen, gained prominence for their bravery but suffered heavy losses. The devastation of war and successive occupations strengthened the call for independence.

In November 1918, as Germany's power collapsed at the end of the war and revolution spread across Europe, Latvian leaders seized the moment to proclaim sovereignty.

On November 18, 1918, the People's Council of Latvia convened at the Latvian National Theatre in Riga. The newly formed Provisional Government pledged to build a state based on freedom, justice and equality.

Independence was immediately challenged. Within weeks, German forces, Bolsheviks, and pro-Russian factions launched military operations to seize control of Latvia. The ensuing Latvian War of Independence (1918–1920) involved battles against the Red Army and other foreign powers. With the help of Estonian and Polish forces, as well as Allied support, the Latvian army successfully defended the country. The conflict ended with the Treaty of Riga, signed on August 11, 1920, in which Soviet Russia recognized Latvia's independence.

The 1920s and 1930s saw Latvia develop as a democratic republic, with cultural, economic, and social growth. The Constitution (Satversme) was adopted in 1922, establishing parliamentary democracy and civil rights.

Latvia's freedom was cut short in June 1940, when the Soviet Union occupied the country, followed by Nazi Germany (1941–1944), and again the USSR (1944–1991).

After decades of Soviet rule, Latvia restored its independence on May 4, 1990, leading to full recognition in 1991. November 18 was reinstated as the most important national holiday, officially known as Proclamation Day of the Republic of Latvia.