Spain's National Day Spain's National Day on October 12 marks the anniversary of Columbus's 1492 voyage. Today, it symbolizes Spanish unity, culture, and global ties, though it also invites reflection on Spain's colonial past.

When is National Day?

National Day in Spain is celebrated every year on October 12.

The following is the list of National Day from 2020 to 2049.

The History of National Day?

On October 12, 1492, Christopher Columbus landed in the Americas during his first voyage, backed by the Catholic Monarchs (Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain). This event marked the beginning of Spain's role as a global power, the start of European colonization in the Americas, and the spread of Spanish language, culture, and Catholicism.

Because of its significance, October 12 became a symbolic date for Spanish identity and its connection with Latin America. In the early 20th century, October 12 was recognized in Spain and many Latin American countries as Day of the Race, emphasizing a shared heritage between Spain and Spanish-speaking peoples across the world.

Under General Francisco Franco's dictatorship, October 12 was promoted as a day of Spanish imperial pride and national unity, tied closely to his regime's ideology. It was used as a symbol of Spain's past greatness and its role in the Hispanic world.

After Franco's death and Spain's transition to democracy (1975–1982), the holiday was redefined.

In 1981, October 12 was officially named Fiesta de la Hispanidad, highlighting Spain's connection with the broader Hispanic world.

In 1987, a law established it as the Fiesta Nacional de España (National Day of Spain), giving it its current legal status as the country's official national holiday.

While it officially celebrates Spain's unity and history, it is also a day of reflection and debate about colonial history, cultural identity, and Spain's role in the world.

In Latin American countries, October 12 has evolved into different commemorations (e.g., Indigenous Peoples' Day, Day of Respect for Cultural Diversity in Argentina), reflecting diverse perspectives on the legacy of colonization.