Independence Day (Hari Merdeka) in Malaysia commemorates the country's independence from British colonial rule in 1957. It is one of the most significant national holidays in Malaysia, symbolizing the birth of a sovereign nation.

Table of Contents

1. When is Independence Day?
2. The History of Independence Day?
3. What Do People Do on This Day?
4. Who is Tunku Abdul Rahman?

When is Independence Day?

Malaysia Day is observed annually on August 31, celebrating the independence of Malaya on August 31, 1957.

The following is the list of Independence Day from 2020 to 2049.

The History of Independence Day

Before colonization, the Malay Peninsula was a hub of trade, with powerful kingdoms such as Srivijaya and Malacca.

The Portuguese captured Malacca in 1511, followed by the Dutch in 1641. By the 19th century, the British established control over the peninsula, creating the Straits Settlements (Penang, Malacca, and Singapore) and forming treaties with local Malay rulers.

The British brought in Chinese and Indian laborers to work in tin mines and rubber plantations, creating a multicultural society but also sowing seeds of social and economic disparity.

After World War II, the British proposed the Malayan Union, which aimed to centralize administration and grant citizenship to non-Malays. However, Malay leaders strongly opposed the Malayan Union, viewing it as a threat to Malay sovereignty and privileges.

In 1948, the British replaced the Malayan Union with the Federation of Malaya Agreement, which preserved the powers of Malay rulers and gave the Malays special rights.

In 1956, Tunku Abdul Rahman, the leader of the United Malays National Organization (UMNO), led negotiations with the British in London, resulting in an agreement for independence. Malaya was granted self-rule with an elected government and a constitutional monarchy under the Malay rulers.

On August 31, 1957, at Stadium Merdeka in Kuala Lumpur, Tunku Abdul Rahman declared independence with the iconic cry of "Merdeka!" (Freedom) shouted seven times.

What Do People Do on This Day?

On Independence Day, Malaysians come together to honor the country's independence from British colonial rule in 1957 with a variety of events and activities.

Held in major cities, especially in Kuala Lumpur, the parades showcase marching contingents, cultural performances, floats and military displays. Many Malaysians watch the parade on television or online.

Traditional dances, music and art exhibitions are held to celebrate Malaysia's rich heritage.

The Malaysian flag is raised at official events, accompanied by the national anthem, Negaraku. Schools, businesses, and communities organize flag-raising ceremonies as a mark of patriotism.

Museums and cultural centers display exhibitions about Malaysia's journey to independence, featuring photographs, artifacts and historical accounts.

Malaysians decorate their homes, offices and streets with the national flag. Public buildings and landmarks are illuminated with patriotic colors.

Families and friends often come together to celebrate with meals, games, and patriotic discussions.

Many people take part in charitable activities to help those in need, reflecting the spirit of unity and generosity.

Races and marathons held on or around Merdeka Day often attract large numbers of participants. Local tournaments and games are organized to bring people together.

Who is Tunku Abdul Rahman?

Tunku Abdul Rahman, often referred to as the "Father of Independence", was a prominent Malaysian statesman who played a crucial role in the country's journey to independence and served as its first Prime Minister.

Tunku was born on February 8, 1903, in Istana Pelamin, Kedah. He was the seventh son of Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah, the Sultan of Kedah.

Attended Penang Free School and later studied in Cambridge University, in England, where he earned a degree in law. He returned to Malaya to work in public service, and eventually qualified as a barrister in 1949.

Tunku joined the United Malays National Organization (UMNO) in 1946, and became UMNO's president in 1951.

In 1956, Tunku led a delegation to London to negotiate Malaya's independence. On August 31, 1957, Malaya gained independence, with Tunku declaring "Merdeka!" seven times at Stadium Merdeka in Kuala Lumpur.

Tunku served as the first Prime Minister of Malaya and Malaysia from 1957 to 1970. Tunku faced challenges in managing Malaysia's multiethnic society, and in 1970, Tunku resigned as Prime Minister.

After retirement, he continued to contribute to society, including serving as the first Secretary-General of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.

Tunku passed away on December 6, 1990, in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Tunku Abdul Rahman remains a revered figure in Malaysia's history for his leadership, vision and commitment to unity.