The Emperor's Birthday is a national holiday in Japan that celebrates the birthday of the reigning emperor. It is in honor of Emperor Naruhito, who ascended the throne in 2019. On this day, the Imperial Palace in Tokyo opens its gates to the public, allowing citizens to offer their congratulations. The Emperor, accompanied by Empress Masako and other family members, greets well-wishers from a palace balcony in a rare display of national unity and celebration.

When is the Emperor's Day?

The Emperor's Day in Japan is celebrated on February 23 each year.

The following is the list of the Emperor's Day from 2020 to 2049.

The History of the Emperor's Day?

The Emperor's Birthday, or Tennō Tanjōbi (天皇誕生日), is one of Japan's most symbolic national holidays, honoring the birth of the reigning emperor. The date of the celebration changes with each new emperor's reign, reflecting Japan's continuity and deep respect for the imperial institution.

The tradition of officially celebrating the emperor's birthday dates back to the Meiji era (1868–1912), when Emperor Meiji's birthday (November 3) was observed nationwide as a symbol of unity and modernization. After his death, November 3 was renamed Culture Day.

Each succeeding emperor's birthday became a public holiday during their reign:

– Emperor Taishō (Yoshihito): August 31
– Emperor Shōwa (Hirohito): April 29, later renamed Shōwa Day after his death
– Emperor Akihito (Heisei era): December 23, now no longer a holiday since his abdication in 2019
– Emperor Naruhito (Reiwa era): February 23, officially designated as the Emperor's Birthday since 2020

The day is marked by the opening of the Imperial Palace to the public, one of only two days in the year this occurs (the other being New Year's Day). Citizens gather in the courtyard to wave Japanese flags as the Emperor, Empress, and royal family members appear on a balcony to deliver greetings.

The holiday serves not only as a celebration of the Emperor's life but also as an expression of national harmony, cultural continuity, and gratitude, reflecting the enduring role of the monarchy in Japan's identity and heritage.