Constitution Day in Poland commemorates the adoption of the Polish Constitution of 1791, the first modern constitution in Europe and the second in the world after the United States. It symbolizes Poland's commitment to freedom, democracy, and national unity. Today, it is one of Poland's most important national holidays, marked by patriotic parades, concerts and ceremonies across the country.

When is Constitution Day?

Constitution Day in Poland is celebrated on May 3 every year.

The following is the list of Constitution Day from 2020 to 2049.

The History of Constitution Day?

On May 3, 1791, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth adopted its new constitution, known as the Constitution of May 3. It was the first modern written constitution in Europe and the second in the world (after the U.S. Constitution of 1787). The document aimed to strengthen the Commonwealth, modernize its political system, and limit the abuses of the nobility that had weakened the state.

The Constitution was opposed by conservative nobles and foreign powers—particularly Russia and Prussia, which feared its influence. In 1792, Russia invaded Poland with the support of Polish opponents in the Confederation of Targowica, leading to the collapse of constitutional reform.

The Second and Third Partitions of Poland (1793 and 1795) soon followed, erasing Poland from the map of Europe for 123 years.

Despite Poland's loss of independence, May 3 became a symbol of national pride and resistance throughout the 19th century. Poles celebrated it secretly under foreign occupation, viewing it as a reminder of their national identity and democratic ideals. The day inspired patriotic movements and uprisings, keeping the idea of independence alive.

After Poland regained independence in 1918, Constitution Day was officially reinstated as a national holiday in 1919. It was celebrated with parades, speeches, and religious ceremonies, symbolizing both the rebirth of the Polish state and the enduring spirit of 1791.

After World War II, under Soviet influence, the communist authorities banned Constitution Day in 1951, considering it a symbol of "bourgeois nationalism". Instead, they promoted May 1 (Labour Day) as the state's primary spring holiday. Nevertheless, May 3 remained a powerful symbol of resistance, and underground commemorations continued throughout the communist era.

Following the fall of communism in 1989, the new democratic government reinstated May 3 as an official national holiday. Today, Constitution Day stands as one of Poland's most important national holidays.