ExcelNotes

Diwali
2025-10-20
Diwali, also known as Deepavali, is one of the most important and widely celebrated festivals in Hinduism, and it holds significance for Jains, Sikhs and some Buddhists. Known as the Festival of Lights, it symbolizes the victory of light over darkness, good over evil, and knowledge over ignorance.
Table of Contents

When is Diwali?
The History of Diwali?
What Do People Do on This Day?
The Hindu Lunar Calendar

When is Diwali?
The date of Diwali varies each year as it is based on the Hindu lunar calendar, specifically falling on the Amavasya (new moon) of the Hindu month of Kartik. This typically places it in October or November.
The following is the list of Diwali from 2020 to 2049.

HolidayDateWeekday

Diwali (Deepavali)Nov 14, 2020Saturday

Diwali (Deepavali)Nov 04, 2021Thursday

Diwali (Deepavali)Oct 24, 2022Monday

Diwali (Deepavali)Nov 12, 2023Sunday

Diwali (Deepavali)Oct 31, 2024Thursday

Diwali (Deepavali)Oct 20, 2025Monday

Diwali (Deepavali)Nov 08, 2026Sunday

Diwali (Deepavali)Oct 29, 2027Friday

Diwali (Deepavali)Oct 17, 2028Tuesday

Diwali (Deepavali)Nov 05, 2029Monday

Diwali (Deepavali)Oct 26, 2030Saturday

Diwali (Deepavali)Nov 14, 2031Friday

Diwali (Deepavali)Nov 02, 2032Tuesday

Diwali (Deepavali)Oct 22, 2033Saturday

Diwali (Deepavali)Nov 10, 2034Friday

Diwali (Deepavali)Oct 30, 2035Tuesday

Diwali (Deepavali)Oct 18, 2036Saturday

Diwali (Deepavali)Nov 07, 2037Saturday

Diwali (Deepavali)Oct 27, 2038Wednesday

Diwali (Deepavali)Nov 15, 2039Tuesday

Diwali (Deepavali)Nov 04, 2040Sunday

Diwali (Deepavali)Oct 24, 2041Thursday

Diwali (Deepavali)Nov 12, 2042Wednesday

Diwali (Deepavali)Nov 01, 2043Sunday

Diwali (Deepavali)Oct 20, 2044Thursday

Diwali (Deepavali)Nov 08, 2045Wednesday

Diwali (Deepavali)Oct 29, 2046Monday

Diwali (Deepavali)Oct 18, 2047Friday

Diwali (Deepavali)Nov 05, 2048Thursday

Diwali (Deepavali)Oct 26, 2049Tuesday

The History of Diwali
Diwali is an ancient festival celebrated across India and other parts of the world with deep cultural and spiritual significance. Known as the Festival of Lights, its origins are rooted in mythology, history and religious traditions.
One of the most popular legends associates Diwali with Lord Rama from the Hindu epic Ramayana. After 14 years of exile and defeating the demon king Ravana, Rama returned to his kingdom of Ayodhya with his wife and brother. To celebrate their return and the triumph of good over evil, the people of Ayodhya lit rows of oil lamps, symbolizing the victory of light over darkness.
In some traditions, Diwali celebrates Lord Krishna's victory over the demon Narakasura, who had terrorized the people of Earth and kidnapped thousands of women. Krishna defeated Narakasura, symbolizing the destruction of evil and the liberation of the oppressed.
The earliest references to Diwali can be found in Sanskrit texts, which describe the significance of lighting lamps during harvest festivals. Diwali was initially a harvest festival celebrated to honor prosperity and the bounty of the land.
Over centuries, Diwali gained prominence during the reign of Hindu kings and emperors. The festival became a unifying celebration, transcending regional and cultural differences.
During the Mughal period, Diwali remained an important festival for Hindus, with rulers often respecting its significance. Under British rule, Diwali continued to flourish as a symbol of cultural identity and resilience.
Diwali is one of the most sacred festivals for Hindus, Jains, Sikhs and Buddhists, celebrated with prayers and traditions. Over the years, Diwali has evolved into a cultural festival celebrated by people of all backgrounds in India and beyond, symbolizing joy and renewal.

What Do People Do on This Day?
Homes are thoroughly cleaned and decorated to welcome positive energy and prosperity. Rangoli designs made with colored powders, flowersor rice are created at entrances to invite Goddess Lakshmi.
Devotees worship Goddess Lakshmi (goddess of wealth) and Lord Ganesha (remover of obstacles) during the evening. Homes are illuminated with diyas during the Lakshmi Puja, seeking blessings for prosperity and well-being.
Families buy new clothes, jewelry and household items, as wearing fresh attire on Diwali is considered auspicious. Many families visit temples to offer prayers and participate in special rituals.
Fireworks and sparklers are lit as part of the celebrations, symbolizing the removal of darkness and the victory of light.
Families prepare and enjoy elaborate meals, featuring both savory and sweet dishes. Food and sweets are shared with neighbors, friends, and relatives as a gesture of goodwill.
Gifts such as sweets, dry fruits, decorative items, and jewelry are exchanged among family and friends to spreading happiness and goodwill.
Many people give food, clothes, or money to the underprivileged, ensuring that everyone can partake in the festivities. Temples and community centers often organize charity drives.
The Hindu Lunar Calendar
The Hindu lunar calendar is a traditional calendar system used in Hindu culture to determine the timing of religious festivals, rituals and auspicious days. It is a luni-solar calendar, combining elements of the Moon's and the Sun's movements.
The calendar is based on the phases of the Moon, with each month beginning at the new moon (Amavasya) or full moon (Purnima), depending on the regional tradition.
A lunar month consists of 29.5 days, resulting in 354 or 355 days in a lunar year, approximately 10–12 days shorter than the solar year. To align with the solar year, an extra month is added approximately every 2.5 years.
Seasons: The year is divided into six seasons.
1. Vasanta Ritu (Spring)
2. Grishma Ritu (Summer)
3. Varsha Ritu (Monsoon)
4. Sharad Ritu (Autumn)
5. Hemanta Ritu (Pre-winter)
6. Shishira Ritu (Winter)
Months: The Hindu Lunar Calendar has 12 months.
1. Chaitra (March–April)
2. Vaishakha (April–May)
3. Jyeshtha (May–June)
4. Ashadha (June–July)
5. Shravana (July–August)
6. Bhadrapada (August–September)
7. Ashwin (September–October)
8. Kartika (October–November)
9. Margashirsha (November–December)
10. Pausha (December–January)
11. Magha (January–February)
12. Phalguna (February–March)
Weeks: The Hindu calendar recognizes seven days of the week, each associated with a celestial body.
1. Sunday (Ravivara) – Sun
2. Monday (Somavara) – Moon
3. Tuesday (Mangalavara) – Mars
4. Wednesday (Budhavara) – Mercury
5. Thursday (Guruvara) – Jupiter
6. Friday (Shukravara) – Venus
7. Saturday (Shanivara) – Saturn

National Prayer Day
2025-10-18
National Prayer Day in Zambia is officially called the National Day of Prayer, Fasting, Repentance, and Reconciliation. This solemn occasion invites Zambians to reflect, seek divine guidance, and promote unity and moral renewal as a nation.
When is National Prayer Day?
National Prayer Day is a holiday observed annually on October 18th.
The following is the list of National Prayer Day from 2020 to 2049.

HolidayDateWeekday

National Prayer DayOct 18, 2020Sunday

National Prayer DayOct 18, 2021Monday

National Prayer DayOct 18, 2022Tuesday

National Prayer DayOct 18, 2023Wednesday

National Prayer DayOct 18, 2024Friday

National Prayer DayOct 18, 2025Saturday

National Prayer DayOct 18, 2026Sunday

National Prayer DayOct 18, 2027Monday

National Prayer DayOct 18, 2028Wednesday

National Prayer DayOct 18, 2029Thursday

National Prayer DayOct 18, 2030Friday

National Prayer DayOct 18, 2031Saturday

National Prayer DayOct 18, 2032Monday

National Prayer DayOct 18, 2033Tuesday

National Prayer DayOct 18, 2034Wednesday

National Prayer DayOct 18, 2035Thursday

National Prayer DayOct 18, 2036Saturday

National Prayer DayOct 18, 2037Sunday

National Prayer DayOct 18, 2038Monday

National Prayer DayOct 18, 2039Tuesday

National Prayer DayOct 18, 2040Thursday

National Prayer DayOct 18, 2041Friday

National Prayer DayOct 18, 2042Saturday

National Prayer DayOct 18, 2043Sunday

National Prayer DayOct 18, 2044Tuesday

National Prayer DayOct 18, 2045Wednesday

National Prayer DayOct 18, 2046Thursday

National Prayer DayOct 18, 2047Friday

National Prayer DayOct 18, 2048Sunday

National Prayer DayOct 18, 2049Monday

The History of National Prayer Day?
National Prayer Day is a day for spiritual reflection and collective repentance, rooted in Zambia's Christian identity.
The holiday was proclaimed in 2015 by President Edgar Lungu. It was introduced during a time of economic hardship and political tension, as the president called for divine intervention and national repentance.
The initiative was framed within Zambia's constitutional declaration as a "Christian nation".
On October 18, 2015, the first official observance took place, followed by a parliamentary motion that made it an annual public holiday. October 18 was chosen as a symbolic and neutral date that did not coincide with major national or religious holidays.

Alaska Day
2025-10-18
Alaska Day is a state holiday in Alaska to commemorate the formal transfer of Alaska from Russian to U.S. ownership. This event marked the culmination of the Alaska Purchase and a significant milestone in American history.
Table of Contents

When is Alaska Day?
The History of Alaska Day?
What Do People Do on This Day?
Alaska

When is Alaska Day?
Alaska Day is celebrated annually on October 18, which marks the anniversary of the formal transfer of Alaska from Russia to the United States on October 18, 1867.
The following is the list of Alaska Day.

HolidayDateWeekday

Alaska DayOctober 18, 2020Sunday

Alaska DayOctober 18, 2021Monday

Alaska DayOctober 18, 2022Tuesday

Alaska DayOctober 18, 2023Wednesday

Alaska DayOctober 18, 2024Friday

Alaska DayOctober 18, 2025Saturday

Alaska DayOctober 18, 2026Sunday

Alaska DayOctober 18, 2027Monday

Alaska DayOctober 18, 2028Wednesday

Alaska DayOctober 18, 2029Thursday

Alaska DayOctober 18, 2030Friday

Alaska DayOctober 18, 2031Saturday

Alaska DayOctober 18, 2032Monday

Alaska DayOctober 18, 2033Tuesday

Alaska DayOctober 18, 2034Wednesday

Alaska DayOctober 18, 2035Thursday

Alaska DayOctober 18, 2036Saturday

Alaska DayOctober 18, 2037Sunday

Alaska DayOctober 18, 2038Monday

Alaska DayOctober 18, 2039Tuesday

Alaska DayOctober 18, 2040Thursday

Alaska DayOctober 18, 2041Friday

Alaska DayOctober 18, 2042Saturday

Alaska DayOctober 18, 2043Sunday

Alaska DayOctober 18, 2044Tuesday

Alaska DayOctober 18, 2045Wednesday

Alaska DayOctober 18, 2046Thursday

Alaska DayOctober 18, 2047Friday

Alaska DayOctober 18, 2048Sunday

Alaska DayOctober 18, 2049Monday

The History of Alaska Day?
Alaska Day is celebrated on October 18, commemorating the formal transfer of Alaska from Russian to U.S. ownership in 1867. This state holiday highlights a significant moment in American history, recognizing Alaska's transition from a Russian territory to a part of the United States.
The United States purchased Alaska from Russia on March 30, 1867, for $7.2 million, which is approximately two cents per acre. The agreement was negotiated by U.S. Secretary of State William H. Seward and Russian envoy Eduard de Stoeckl. At the time, the acquisition was met with skepticism, with critics dubbing it "Seward's Folly" or "Seward's Icebox", doubting the value of the territory.
The reasons why Russia wanted to sell Alaska was that Russia was trying to avoid conflict with Britain over the territory and to focus on its European interests. At the same time, Seward saw Alaska as a valuable addition to the U.S. due to its natural resources, strategic location, and potential for expansion.
The transfer ceremony took place on October 18, 1867, in Sitka, Alaska. Sitka became the first capital of Alaska and remained so until 1906 when the capital was moved to Juneau.
The first observance as a formal holiday likely began in the early 20th century, although it gained more prominence after Alaska became a U.S. state in 1959.

What Do People Do on This Day?
On Alaska Day, people celebrate the anniversary of Alaska's transfer from Russian to U.S. ownership with a mix of historical, cultural, and community events. The holiday is primarily observed in Alaska, the town of Sitka, where the original transfer ceremony took place.
In Sitka, the centerpiece event is a reenactment of the 1867 transfer ceremony. Participants dress in period costumes, and the event includes the lowering of the Russian flag and raising of the U.S. flag at Castle Hill.
Communities, especially in Sitka, organize parades featuring floats, local organizations, and performances in celebration of Alaska's history, culture, and its unique blend of Native, Russian, and American influences.
Museums, schools, and libraries host lectures, exhibits, and discussions about the history of the Alaska Purchase and its impact on the region. Many Alaskans use the state holiday to enjoy outdoor activities like hiking, fishing, or exploring Alaska's natural beauty.
Although Alaska Day is more actively celebrated in areas like Sitka, it remains an important occasion for Alaskans to reflect on their shared history and the cultural diversity that makes their state unique.
Alaska
Alaska is the largest and northernmost state in the United States, and it is known for its vast wilderness, rich cultural history, and abundant natural resources.
Alaska spans over 663,300 square miles, making it the largest U.S. state, larger than Texas, California, and Montana combined. Its Capital is Juneau, and the largest city is Anchorage. In 2023, the population is approximately 740,000.
Alaska's history begins with its Native peoples, who have lived there for thousands of years. Russian explorers, led by Vitus Bering, began exploring Alaska in the 18th century, and Russia established trading posts and settlements, focused primarily on the fur trade.
The U.S. acquired Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million under the guidance of Secretary of State William H. Seward in 1867, and it became the 49th U.S. state on January 3, 1959, following years of advocacy for representation and governance.
Alaska, often called "The Last Frontier," continues to captivate with its vast landscapes, rich history, and cultural significance.

Evacuation Day in Tunisia
2025-10-15
Evacuation Day in Tunisia commemorates the final withdrawal of French troops from Tunisian territory on October 15, 1963, marking the end of colonial military presence and the full realization of Tunisia's sovereignty.
When is Evacuation Day?
Evacuation Day is observed annually on October 15.
The following is the list of Evacuation Day from 2020 to 2049.

HolidayDateWeekday

Evacuation DayOct 15, 2020Thursday

Evacuation DayOct 15, 2021Friday

Evacuation DayOct 15, 2022Saturday

Evacuation DayOct 15, 2023Sunday

Evacuation DayOct 15, 2024Tuesday

Evacuation DayOct 15, 2025Wednesday

Evacuation DayOct 15, 2026Thursday

Evacuation DayOct 15, 2027Friday

Evacuation DayOct 15, 2028Sunday

Evacuation DayOct 15, 2029Monday

Evacuation DayOct 15, 2030Tuesday

Evacuation DayOct 15, 2031Wednesday

Evacuation DayOct 15, 2032Friday

Evacuation DayOct 15, 2033Saturday

Evacuation DayOct 15, 2034Sunday

Evacuation DayOct 15, 2035Monday

Evacuation DayOct 15, 2036Wednesday

Evacuation DayOct 15, 2037Thursday

Evacuation DayOct 15, 2038Friday

Evacuation DayOct 15, 2039Saturday

Evacuation DayOct 15, 2040Monday

Evacuation DayOct 15, 2041Tuesday

Evacuation DayOct 15, 2042Wednesday

Evacuation DayOct 15, 2043Thursday

Evacuation DayOct 15, 2044Saturday

Evacuation DayOct 15, 2045Sunday

Evacuation DayOct 15, 2046Monday

Evacuation DayOct 15, 2047Tuesday

Evacuation DayOct 15, 2048Thursday

Evacuation DayOct 15, 2049Friday

The History of Evacuation Day?
1881, Tunisia becomes a French protectorate. Under the Treaty of Bardo, France gained control over Tunisia, making it a protectorate for over 75 years.
On March 20, 1956, Tunisia officially becomes independent, led by Habib Bourguiba. However, France retained control of the Bizerte naval base, citing its strategic importance in the Mediterranean.
In July 1961, Tunisia demanded that France evacuate the Bizerte base. Tensions escalated into a military conflict and France responded with force. Over 600 Tunisians were killed, and many were injured. This tragic episode intensified national and international pressure on France.
On October 15, 1963, after diplomatic negotiations and sustained protests, France agreed to evacuate Bizerte. On this date, the last French soldier left Tunisia, and the Tunisian flag was raised over the former base.
In 1964, the Tunisian government declared October 15 a national public holiday to honor this critical moment in Tunisian history.

Simchat Torah
2025-10-14
Simchat Torah celebrates the completion and renewal of the Torah reading cycle with singing, dancing and parading Torah scrolls. In Israel, together with Shemini Atzeret, it is marked by a spirit of joy, unity and love for the Torah.
When is Simchat Torah?
Simchat Torah in Israel is observed on the 22nd of Tishrei, immediately after the seven days of Sukkot.
The following is the list of Simchat Torah from 2020 to 2049.

HolidayDateWeekday

Simchat TorahOct 10, 2020Saturday

Simchat TorahSep 28, 2021Tuesday

Simchat TorahOct 17, 2022Monday

Simchat TorahOct 07, 2023Saturday

Simchat TorahOct 24, 2024Thursday

Simchat TorahOct 14, 2025Tuesday

Simchat TorahOct 03, 2026Saturday

Simchat TorahOct 23, 2027Saturday

Simchat TorahOct 12, 2028Thursday

Simchat TorahOct 01, 2029Monday

Simchat TorahOct 19, 2030Saturday

Simchat TorahOct 09, 2031Thursday

Simchat TorahSep 27, 2032Monday

Simchat TorahOct 15, 2033Saturday

Simchat TorahOct 05, 2034Thursday

Simchat TorahOct 25, 2035Thursday

Simchat TorahOct 13, 2036Monday

Simchat TorahOct 01, 2037Thursday

Simchat TorahOct 21, 2038Thursday

Simchat TorahOct 10, 2039Monday

Simchat TorahSep 29, 2040Saturday

Simchat TorahOct 17, 2041Thursday

Simchat TorahOct 06, 2042Monday

Simchat TorahOct 26, 2043Monday

Simchat TorahOct 13, 2044Thursday

Simchat TorahOct 03, 2045Tuesday

Simchat TorahOct 22, 2046Monday

Simchat TorahOct 12, 2047Saturday

Simchat TorahSep 29, 2048Tuesday

Simchat TorahOct 18, 2049Monday

The History of Simchat Torah?
The Torah (Leviticus 23, Numbers 29) commands the observance of Shemini Atzeret on the 22nd of Tishrei. Originally, this day was distinct but had no unique rituals besides sacrifices and being a festival.
Simchat Torah did not exist in biblical times—it developed much later as a celebration linked to the Torah reading cycle.
In the Talmudic period (3rd–6th centuries CE), the custom of reading the entire Torah publicly in annual cycles became widespread in Babylonia. When the cycle concluded on Shemini Atzeret, communities began to celebrate the completion with joy and festivity.
By the 9th century, Jewish communities were referring to this day as "Simchat Torah", and customs like dancing with Torah scrolls (hakafot) were recorded. Medieval sources (Spain, North Africa, Ashkenaz) describe special honors for completing and restarting the Torah reading.
By the Middle Ages, joyful processions with Torah scrolls were common across Jewish communities. Singing, dancing, and even street celebrations grew over time. Children began to play a larger role, waving flags and joining the rejoicing, symbolizing continuity.
In Israel today, Simchat Torah is celebrated together with Shemini Atzeret on the 22nd of Tishrei (one day).

Mwalimu Nyerere Day
2025-10-14
Mwalimu Nyerere Day is observed annually in Tanzania. It commemorates the life and legacy of Julius Kambarage Nyerere, the founding father and first President of Tanzania, who passed away on October 14, 1999. The day is a national public holiday, dedicated to reflection and honoring national unity and self-reliance, principles that defined Nyerere's leadership.
When is Mwalimu Nyerere Day?
Mwalimu Nyerere Day is celebrated on October 14 every year.
The following is the list of Mwalimu Nyerere Day from 2020 to 2049.

HolidayDateWeekday

Mwalimu Nyerere DayOct 14, 2020Wednesday

Mwalimu Nyerere DayOct 14, 2021Thursday

Mwalimu Nyerere DayOct 14, 2022Friday

Mwalimu Nyerere DayOct 14, 2023Saturday

Mwalimu Nyerere DayOct 14, 2024Monday

Mwalimu Nyerere DayOct 14, 2025Tuesday

Mwalimu Nyerere DayOct 14, 2026Wednesday

Mwalimu Nyerere DayOct 14, 2027Thursday

Mwalimu Nyerere DayOct 14, 2028Saturday

Mwalimu Nyerere DayOct 14, 2029Sunday

Mwalimu Nyerere DayOct 14, 2030Monday

Mwalimu Nyerere DayOct 14, 2031Tuesday

Mwalimu Nyerere DayOct 14, 2032Thursday

Mwalimu Nyerere DayOct 14, 2033Friday

Mwalimu Nyerere DayOct 14, 2034Saturday

Mwalimu Nyerere DayOct 14, 2035Sunday

Mwalimu Nyerere DayOct 14, 2036Tuesday

Mwalimu Nyerere DayOct 14, 2037Wednesday

Mwalimu Nyerere DayOct 14, 2038Thursday

Mwalimu Nyerere DayOct 14, 2039Friday

Mwalimu Nyerere DayOct 14, 2040Sunday

Mwalimu Nyerere DayOct 14, 2041Monday

Mwalimu Nyerere DayOct 14, 2042Tuesday

Mwalimu Nyerere DayOct 14, 2043Wednesday

Mwalimu Nyerere DayOct 14, 2044Friday

Mwalimu Nyerere DayOct 14, 2045Saturday

Mwalimu Nyerere DayOct 14, 2046Sunday

Mwalimu Nyerere DayOct 14, 2047Monday

Mwalimu Nyerere DayOct 14, 2048Wednesday

Mwalimu Nyerere DayOct 14, 2049Thursday

The History of Mwalimu Nyerere Day?
Julius Nyerere was born on April 13, 1922 in Butiama, Mara Region, Tanganyika.
He led Tanganyika to independence from British colonial rule in 1961, and became the first Prime Minister (1961) and first President (1962) of Tanganyika.
He was the architect of the union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar in 1964, forming Tanzania, and then the president of Tanzania from 1964 to 1985.
He is known for his African socialism, focus on education and advocacy for pan-Africanism. He passed away on October 14, 1999, in London, UK at age 77.
In honor of his contributions, the government declared October 14 as "Mwalimu Nyerere Day", to be celebrated annually as a public holiday. The day serves to reflect on his values, including peace, unity, self-reliance, and moral leadership.

Liberation Day Yemen
2025-10-14
Liberation Day in Yemen commemorates the start of the armed struggle against British colonial rule in South Yemen in 1963, leading to full independence in 1967.
When is Liberation Day?
Liberation Day is observed annually on October 14.
The following is the list of Liberation Day from 2020 to 2049.

HolidayDateWeekday

Liberation DayOct 14, 2020Wednesday

Liberation DayOct 14, 2021Thursday

Liberation DayOct 14, 2022Friday

Liberation DayOct 14, 2023Saturday

Liberation DayOct 14, 2024Monday

Liberation DayOct 14, 2025Tuesday

Liberation DayOct 14, 2026Wednesday

Liberation DayOct 14, 2027Thursday

Liberation DayOct 14, 2028Saturday

Liberation DayOct 14, 2029Sunday

Liberation DayOct 14, 2030Monday

Liberation DayOct 14, 2031Tuesday

Liberation DayOct 14, 2032Thursday

Liberation DayOct 14, 2033Friday

Liberation DayOct 14, 2034Saturday

Liberation DayOct 14, 2035Sunday

Liberation DayOct 14, 2036Tuesday

Liberation DayOct 14, 2037Wednesday

Liberation DayOct 14, 2038Thursday

Liberation DayOct 14, 2039Friday

Liberation DayOct 14, 2040Sunday

Liberation DayOct 14, 2041Monday

Liberation DayOct 14, 2042Tuesday

Liberation DayOct 14, 2043Wednesday

Liberation DayOct 14, 2044Friday

Liberation DayOct 14, 2045Saturday

Liberation DayOct 14, 2046Sunday

Liberation DayOct 14, 2047Monday

Liberation DayOct 14, 2048Wednesday

Liberation DayOct 14, 2049Thursday

The History of Liberation Day?
From the early 19th century, Britain began occupying parts of southern Yemen, starting with the port city of Aden in 1839.
By the 1930s, the British had consolidated control over the region as the Aden Colony and various protectorates known collectively as the Federation of South Arabia. Aden became a strategic hub for British naval and commercial interests.
By the 1950s and early 1960s, Arab nationalism was spreading throughout the Middle East, inspired by leaders like Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt.
In South Yemen, multiple resistance groups emerged to challenge British rule, including the Front for the Liberation of Occupied South Yemen (FLOSY) and the National Liberation Front (NLF).
These groups were committed to ending colonial occupation and gaining full sovereignty for the southern regions of Yemen.
On October 14, 1963, a nationalist rebel launched a grenade attack on a British target in the Radfan mountains near Aden, sparking an armed rebellion. This marked the start of the South Yemeni Revolution, leading to years of intense guerrilla warfare and urban resistance.
After four years of conflict, the British withdrew from South Yemen under pressure from sustained insurgency and changing geopolitical dynamics. On November 30, 1967, the People's Republic of South Yemen was declared in Aden, ending 128 years of British rule.
In 1970, the state was renamed the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY), adopting a Marxist-Leninist government.

National Heroes' Day in The Bahamas
2025-10-13
National Heroes' Day in The Bahamas is a public holiday dedicated to honoring Bahamian national heroes, individuals who made significant contributions to the country's development, independence, and cultural identity.
When is National Heroes' Day?
National Heroes' Day is observed annually on the second Monday in October.
The following is the list of National Heroes' Day from 2020 to 2049.

HolidayDateWeekday

National Heroes' DayOct 12, 2020Monday

National Heroes' DayOct 11, 2021Monday

National Heroes' DayOct 10, 2022Monday

National Heroes' DayOct 09, 2023Monday

National Heroes' DayOct 14, 2024Monday

National Heroes' DayOct 13, 2025Monday

National Heroes' DayOct 12, 2026Monday

National Heroes' DayOct 11, 2027Monday

National Heroes' DayOct 09, 2028Monday

National Heroes' DayOct 08, 2029Monday

National Heroes' DayOct 14, 2030Monday

National Heroes' DayOct 13, 2031Monday

National Heroes' DayOct 11, 2032Monday

National Heroes' DayOct 10, 2033Monday

National Heroes' DayOct 09, 2034Monday

National Heroes' DayOct 08, 2035Monday

National Heroes' DayOct 13, 2036Monday

National Heroes' DayOct 12, 2037Monday

National Heroes' DayOct 11, 2038Monday

National Heroes' DayOct 10, 2039Monday

National Heroes' DayOct 08, 2040Monday

National Heroes' DayOct 14, 2041Monday

National Heroes' DayOct 13, 2042Monday

National Heroes' DayOct 12, 2043Monday

National Heroes' DayOct 10, 2044Monday

National Heroes' DayOct 09, 2045Monday

National Heroes' DayOct 08, 2046Monday

National Heroes' DayOct 14, 2047Monday

National Heroes' DayOct 12, 2048Monday

National Heroes' DayOct 11, 2049Monday

The History of National Heroes' Day?
Before National Heroes' Day, October 12 was observed as Discovery Day, commemorating the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the New World in 1492. However, growing awareness of colonialism's impact and a desire to celebrate Bahamian identity and sovereignty led to a movement to replace Discovery Day.
This movement gained strength in the early 2000s, supported by civic leaders and advocates who argued that Bahamian citizens who advanced civil rights and national pride deserved public recognition more than a European colonizer.
In 2007, the Bahamas Parliament passed the National Heroes Act, which created a formal system of national honors, and officially recognized National Heroes' Day to be observed on the second Monday in October.
In 2013, the holiday was first officially celebrated, replacing Discovery Day in the calendar.

National Heritage Day
2025-10-13
National Heritage Day in the Turks and Caicos Islands (TCI) celebrates the islands' cultural traditions, historical legacy, and community identity, with a strong emphasis on intergenerational knowledge, storytelling, and heritage preservation.
When is National Heritage Day?
National Heritage Day is observed annually on the second Monday of October.
The following is the list of National Heritage Day from 2020 to 2049.

HolidayDateWeekday

National Heritage DayOct 12, 2020Monday

National Heritage DayOct 11, 2021Monday

National Heritage DayOct 10, 2022Monday

National Heritage DayOct 09, 2023Monday

National Heritage DayOct 14, 2024Monday

National Heritage DayOct 13, 2025Monday

National Heritage DayOct 12, 2026Monday

National Heritage DayOct 11, 2027Monday

National Heritage DayOct 09, 2028Monday

National Heritage DayOct 08, 2029Monday

National Heritage DayOct 14, 2030Monday

National Heritage DayOct 13, 2031Monday

National Heritage DayOct 11, 2032Monday

National Heritage DayOct 10, 2033Monday

National Heritage DayOct 09, 2034Monday

National Heritage DayOct 08, 2035Monday

National Heritage DayOct 13, 2036Monday

National Heritage DayOct 12, 2037Monday

National Heritage DayOct 11, 2038Monday

National Heritage DayOct 10, 2039Monday

National Heritage DayOct 08, 2040Monday

National Heritage DayOct 14, 2041Monday

National Heritage DayOct 13, 2042Monday

National Heritage DayOct 12, 2043Monday

National Heritage DayOct 10, 2044Monday

National Heritage DayOct 09, 2045Monday

National Heritage DayOct 08, 2046Monday

National Heritage DayOct 14, 2047Monday

National Heritage DayOct 12, 2048Monday

National Heritage DayOct 11, 2049Monday

The History of National Heritage Day?
National Heritage Day replaced the former Columbus Day celebration, reflecting a shift from colonial narratives to a more local and inclusive recognition of national identity.
Before the early 2000s, like many other Caribbean territories, Turks and Caicos Islands observed Columbus Day, marking the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the New World.
However, as regional attitudes evolved, many saw the need to decolonize historical celebrations and instead highlight indigenous heritage and local resilience.
In this spirit, National Heritage Day was introduced to replace Columbus Day, promote local culture, history, and identity, and celebrate the contributions of the islands' diverse communities.
National Heritage Day highlights the legacy of the islands' indigenous inhabitants, the African roots of many Turks and Caicos Islanders, linked to the slave trade and salt-raking era, and Bermudian and British colonial influences.
National Heritage Day is about empowerment and preservation, a way to honor ancestors and teach younger generations.

Puerto Rico Friendship Day
2025-10-13
Puerto Rico Friendship Day is celebrated in the U.S. Virgin Islands. This holiday was officially established in 1964 to honor the cultural, historical, and familial ties between Puerto Ricans and Virgin Islanders.
When is Puerto Rico Friendship Day?
Puerto Rico Friendship Day is observed on the second Monday in October, the same day as Columbus Day in the United States.
The following is the list of Puerto Rico Friendship Day from 2020 to 2049.

HolidayDateWeekday

Puerto Rico Friendship DayOct 12, 2020Monday

Puerto Rico Friendship DayOct 11, 2021Monday

Puerto Rico Friendship DayOct 10, 2022Monday

Puerto Rico Friendship DayOct 09, 2023Monday

Puerto Rico Friendship DayOct 14, 2024Monday

Puerto Rico Friendship DayOct 13, 2025Monday

Puerto Rico Friendship DayOct 12, 2026Monday

Puerto Rico Friendship DayOct 11, 2027Monday

Puerto Rico Friendship DayOct 09, 2028Monday

Puerto Rico Friendship DayOct 08, 2029Monday

Puerto Rico Friendship DayOct 14, 2030Monday

Puerto Rico Friendship DayOct 13, 2031Monday

Puerto Rico Friendship DayOct 11, 2032Monday

Puerto Rico Friendship DayOct 10, 2033Monday

Puerto Rico Friendship DayOct 09, 2034Monday

Puerto Rico Friendship DayOct 08, 2035Monday

Puerto Rico Friendship DayOct 13, 2036Monday

Puerto Rico Friendship DayOct 12, 2037Monday

Puerto Rico Friendship DayOct 11, 2038Monday

Puerto Rico Friendship DayOct 10, 2039Monday

Puerto Rico Friendship DayOct 08, 2040Monday

Puerto Rico Friendship DayOct 14, 2041Monday

Puerto Rico Friendship DayOct 13, 2042Monday

Puerto Rico Friendship DayOct 12, 2043Monday

Puerto Rico Friendship DayOct 10, 2044Monday

Puerto Rico Friendship DayOct 09, 2045Monday

Puerto Rico Friendship DayOct 08, 2046Monday

Puerto Rico Friendship DayOct 14, 2047Monday

Puerto Rico Friendship DayOct 12, 2048Monday

Puerto Rico Friendship DayOct 11, 2049Monday

The History of Puerto Rico Friendship Day?
Puerto Rico Friendship Day honors the long-standing friendship and shared heritage between Puerto Ricans and Virgin Islanders, especially on the island of St. Croix, where many Puerto Ricans have lived and contributed for generations.
In the early 20th century, Puerto Ricans migrated to the Virgin Islands, especially to St. Croix, to work in sugar plantations, oil refineries, and other industries. Over time, they became deeply integrated into the Virgin Islands' society economically, socially, and politically.
Many Puerto Rican families intermarried with Virgin Islanders, helping to shape the modern cultural identity of the islands.
Recognizing this significant contribution and the cultural closeness between the two island communities, Governor Ralph M. Paiewonsky proclaimed the second Monday in October as Puerto Rico Friendship Day in 1964.
It was created to recognize and celebrate the contributions of Puerto Ricans living in the Virgin Islands, particularly on St. Croix, where a significant Puerto Rican population has resided for over a century.
The day serves as a symbol of Caribbean unity, reflecting the values of friendship, mutual respect, and cultural collaboration.

Thanksgiving Day in Canada
2025-10-13
Thanksgiving Day in Canada is a national holiday dedicated to giving thanks for the harvest and blessings of the past year. The day is marked by family gatherings, feasts, and expressions of gratitude.
Table of Contents

When is Thanksgiving Day?
The History of Thanksgiving Day?
What Do People Do on This Day?
More about Martin Frobisher

When is Thanksgiving Day?
In Canada, Thanksgiving Day is celebrated on the second Monday of October, coinciding with the end of the harvest season.
The following is the list of Thanksgiving Day in Canada from 2020 to 2049.

HolidayDateWeekday

Thanksgiving DayOctober 12, 2020Monday

Thanksgiving DayOctober 11, 2021Monday

Thanksgiving DayOctober 10, 2022Monday

Thanksgiving DayOctober 09, 2023Monday

Thanksgiving DayOctober 14, 2024Monday

Thanksgiving DayOctober 13, 2025Monday

Thanksgiving DayOctober 12, 2026Monday

Thanksgiving DayOctober 11, 2027Monday

Thanksgiving DayOctober 09, 2028Monday

Thanksgiving DayOctober 08, 2029Monday

Thanksgiving DayOctober 14, 2030Monday

Thanksgiving DayOctober 13, 2031Monday

Thanksgiving DayOctober 11, 2032Monday

Thanksgiving DayOctober 10, 2033Monday

Thanksgiving DayOctober 09, 2034Monday

Thanksgiving DayOctober 08, 2035Monday

Thanksgiving DayOctober 13, 2036Monday

Thanksgiving DayOctober 12, 2037Monday

Thanksgiving DayOctober 11, 2038Monday

Thanksgiving DayOctober 10, 2039Monday

Thanksgiving DayOctober 08, 2040Monday

Thanksgiving DayOctober 14, 2041Monday

Thanksgiving DayOctober 13, 2042Monday

Thanksgiving DayOctober 12, 2043Monday

Thanksgiving DayOctober 10, 2044Monday

Thanksgiving DayOctober 09, 2045Monday

Thanksgiving DayOctober 08, 2046Monday

Thanksgiving DayOctober 14, 2047Monday

Thanksgiving DayOctober 12, 2048Monday

Thanksgiving DayOctober 11, 2049Monday

The History of Thanksgiving Day?
Thanksgiving in Canada has a long history that predates the American Thanksgiving. Its origins blend Indigenous harvest celebrations, European traditions and religious gratitude ceremonies. The holiday, as we know it today, evolved over centuries to become a national occasion of gratitude and family togetherness.
Long before European settlers arrived, Indigenous peoples in Canada celebrated the harvest season with feasts, ceremonies and dances. These celebrations expressed gratitude for the bounty of nature, the changing seasons, and successful hunts or harvests. These practices influenced later European settlers' Thanksgiving traditions.
The first Thanksgiving in Canada was held in 1578 by Martin Frobisher, an English explorer. He organized a ceremony in Newfoundland to give thanks for a safe journey during his search for the Northwest Passage. This was 43 years before the Pilgrims' Thanksgiving in 1621 in the United States, making Canada's Thanksgiving one of the earliest recorded in North America.
In the early 17th century, French settlers in New France (now Quebec) celebrated successful harvests with feasts and shared meals. These gatherings often included Indigenous peoples, reflecting cooperation and mutual support in harsh conditions.
Thanksgiving was influenced by Protestant and Catholic traditions, often tied to giving thanks to God for blessings and abundance. Harvest festivals in Europe also inspired Canadian Thanksgiving traditions.
In the 19th century, Thanksgiving was celebrated irregularly and for different reasons, such as military victories, the end of epidemics, or good harvests.
In 1879, Canada declared Thanksgiving a national holiday. At the time, it was celebrated in November. The date of Thanksgiving changed several times, reflecting varying reasons for celebration and aligning with harvest seasons. It was celebrated on the same day as Remembrance Day in November until the holidays were separated.
In 1957, Parliament declared Thanksgiving to be celebrated on the second Monday of October, reflecting its harvest roots and aligning with Canada's agricultural cycle. The October date distinguishes Canadian Thanksgiving from the American Thanksgiving in November.
Over time, Thanksgiving evolved from a religious and harvest-focused holiday to a broader celebration of gratitude and family, and it remains a time to appreciate blessings such as health, family, and abundance.

What Do People Do on This Day?
On Thanksgiving Day in Canada, people come together to celebrate gratitude and enjoy the harvest season. The day is often filled with family gatherings, delicious meals, and moments of reflection.
Although there are regional and cultural variations, the traditional Thanksgiving meal often includes roast turkey with stuffing, mashed potatoes and gravy, cranberry sauce, and pumpkin pie for dessert. Families and friends gather for a shared meal, often accompanied by expressions of gratitude.
For some Canadians, Thanksgiving includes attending church services to give thanks for the year's blessings and the harvest. Churches and community centers may host meals or events open to all.
Many people take advantage of the crisp autumn weather to go for walks, hikes, or drives to enjoy the stunning fall colors. Thanksgiving is also a chance to relax, enjoy time with loved ones, or take a short trip.
Local fairs, pumpkin patches and apple-picking events are popular Thanksgiving weekend activities.
Many towns hold local events, including food drives and cultural performances. Thanksgiving is a time for giving back, with many people donating food or volunteering at local food banks and shelters. Organizations host Thanksgiving dinners for those in need, fostering a spirit of community and generosity.
More about Martin Frobisher
Martin Frobisher (circa 1535–1594) was an English explorer and naval officer best known for his voyages in search of the Northwest Passage and his involvement in early Arctic exploration. His expeditions were among the first European attempts to navigate the Arctic and establish English presence in the region.
Frobisher was born in 1535 in Yorkshire, England, and he was trained as a seaman at an early age, gaining experience in navigation and maritime exploration.
Frobisher undertook three voyages sponsored by the English Crown and private investors from 1576 to 1578, seeking a navigable route through the Arctic to Asia.
First Voyage (1576): Frobisher reached Baffin Island in today's Canada, and he believed he discovered the Northwest Passage but instead found a bay, later named Frobisher Bay.
Second Voyage (1577): With greater funding, Frobisher returned to the Arctic, bringing miners and laborers to extract the supposed gold ore. However, he brought 200 tons of the ore back to England, which turned out to be worthless.
Third Voyage (1578): Frobisher returned with a fleet of 15 ships, aiming to establish a colony and continue mining. However, the settlement failed, and the venture was abandoned due to the harsh Arctic conditions and disputes among the crew.
Frobisher's voyages were among the first detailed European explorations of the Arctic. His expeditions paved the way for future attempts to discover the Northwest Passage. He claimed parts of the Arctic for England, laying groundwork for future territorial claims.
During his 1578 voyage, Frobisher and his crew held a thanksgiving ceremony in Newfoundland after surviving their perilous journey. This is considered the first recorded Thanksgiving in North America, predating the Pilgrims' Thanksgiving in the United States.
Frobisher died in 1594 from wounds sustained during a naval engagement against Spanish forces.

Fraternal Day
2025-10-13
Fraternal Day is a holiday observed in the United States, particularly associated with Alabama, where it was originally established to promote unity and harmony among different organizations and people. The purpose was to foster goodwill and cooperation across racial, religious, and organizational lines.
Table of Contents

When is Fraternal Day?
The History of Fraternal Day?
What Do People Do on This Day?

When is Fraternal Day?
Fraternal Day is observed on the second Monday in October in the state of Alabama. It coincides with Columbus Day and is recognized as a state holiday in Alabama.

HolidayDateWeekday

Fraternal DayOctober 12, 2020Monday

Fraternal DayOctober 11, 2021Monday

Fraternal DayOctober 10, 2022Monday

Fraternal DayOctober 09, 2023Monday

Fraternal DayOctober 14, 2024Monday

Fraternal DayOctober 13, 2025Monday

Fraternal DayOctober 12, 2026Monday

Fraternal DayOctober 11, 2027Monday

Fraternal DayOctober 09, 2028Monday

Fraternal DayOctober 08, 2029Monday

Fraternal DayOctober 14, 2030Monday

Fraternal DayOctober 13, 2031Monday

Fraternal DayOctober 11, 2032Monday

Fraternal DayOctober 10, 2033Monday

Fraternal DayOctober 09, 2034Monday

Fraternal DayOctober 08, 2035Monday

Fraternal DayOctober 13, 2036Monday

Fraternal DayOctober 12, 2037Monday

Fraternal DayOctober 11, 2038Monday

Fraternal DayOctober 10, 2039Monday

Fraternal DayOctober 08, 2040Monday

Fraternal DayOctober 14, 2041Monday

Fraternal DayOctober 13, 2042Monday

Fraternal DayOctober 12, 2043Monday

Fraternal DayOctober 10, 2044Monday

Fraternal DayOctober 09, 2045Monday

Fraternal DayOctober 08, 2046Monday

Fraternal DayOctober 14, 2047Monday

Fraternal DayOctober 12, 2048Monday

Fraternal DayOctober 11, 2049Monday

The History of Fraternal Day?
Fraternal Day has its origins in Alabama to promote goodwill, fellowship, and unity among fraternal organizations and the broader community. It emerged during a time when fraternal societies played a significant role in American civic and social life.
In 1915, the Alabama legislature officially designated the second Monday in October as Fraternal Day. It was created to honor the contributions of fraternal organizations that were dedicated to providing social, charitable, and financial support to their members and communities.
Fraternal Day was seen as an opportunity to bring people together across social, racial, and economic divides, fostering a spirit of cooperation. However, over the 20th century, the role of fraternal organizations diminished as government programs became more prevalent. At the same time, Columbus Day overshadowed Fraternal Day. As a result, Fraternal Day became more of a historical footnote than an actively celebrated holiday.
What Do People Do on This Day?
On Fraternal Day, particularly in its earlier years, activities were centered around the values of community, brotherhood, and service.
Some members of groups may organize meetings, banquets, and events to celebrate their shared principles and to highlight the role of fraternal organizations in supporting their members and contributing to local communities.
Fraternal organizations often used the day to give back to their communities including charitable donations, organizing food drives, or providing financial aid to families in need. Schools and civic organizations sometimes hosted discussions or events about the importance of brotherhood, civic duty, and unity.
However, its observance has declined significantly over time, and it is rarely observed or publicly recognized today. Most government offices and schools remain open, and the day passes without major celebrations or public events.

Yorktown Victory Day
2025-10-13
Yorktown Victory Day commemorates the decisive victory at the Battle of Yorktown, which was the last major battle of the American Revolutionary War.
Table of Contents

When is Yorktown Victory Day?
The History of Yorktown Victory Day?
What Do People Do on This Day?
The Yorktown Victory

When is Yorktown Victory Day?
Yorktown Victory Day is commemorated annually on the second Monday in October. This date marks the anniversary of the decisive victory at the Battle of Yorktown on October 19, 1781, which was a turning point in the American Revolutionary War.
The following is the list of Yorktown Victory from 2020 to 2049.

HolidayDateWeekday

Yorktown Victory DayOctober 12, 2020Monday

Yorktown Victory DayOctober 11, 2021Monday

Yorktown Victory DayOctober 10, 2022Monday

Yorktown Victory DayOctober 09, 2023Monday

Yorktown Victory DayOctober 14, 2024Monday

Yorktown Victory DayOctober 13, 2025Monday

Yorktown Victory DayOctober 12, 2026Monday

Yorktown Victory DayOctober 11, 2027Monday

Yorktown Victory DayOctober 09, 2028Monday

Yorktown Victory DayOctober 08, 2029Monday

Yorktown Victory DayOctober 14, 2030Monday

Yorktown Victory DayOctober 13, 2031Monday

Yorktown Victory DayOctober 11, 2032Monday

Yorktown Victory DayOctober 10, 2033Monday

Yorktown Victory DayOctober 09, 2034Monday

Yorktown Victory DayOctober 08, 2035Monday

Yorktown Victory DayOctober 13, 2036Monday

Yorktown Victory DayOctober 12, 2037Monday

Yorktown Victory DayOctober 11, 2038Monday

Yorktown Victory DayOctober 10, 2039Monday

Yorktown Victory DayOctober 08, 2040Monday

Yorktown Victory DayOctober 14, 2041Monday

Yorktown Victory DayOctober 13, 2042Monday

Yorktown Victory DayOctober 12, 2043Monday

Yorktown Victory DayOctober 10, 2044Monday

Yorktown Victory DayOctober 09, 2045Monday

Yorktown Victory DayOctober 08, 2046Monday

Yorktown Victory DayOctober 14, 2047Monday

Yorktown Victory DayOctober 12, 2048Monday

Yorktown Victory DayOctober 11, 2049Monday

The History of Yorktown Victory Day?
Yorktown Victory Day marks the anniversary of the decisive American victory at the Battle of Yorktown, which occurred on October 19, 1781.
In 1781, the British, led by General Lord Charles Cornwallis, fortified the port town of Yorktown, Virginia, planning to use it as a base to receive supplies and reinforcements via the Chesapeake Bay. American General George Washington saw an opportunity to trap Cornwallis on the peninsula with the help of French naval and ground forces.
A critical factor in the success at Yorktown was the alliance with France, secured in 1778. French naval forces defeated the British fleet at the Battle of the Chesapeake, preventing Cornwallis from escaping by sea. Meanwhile, French troops joined American forces in a march from New York to Virginia to launch a joint operation against Yorktown.
In late September 1781, American and French forces surrounded Yorktown and began a siege. They gradually closed in on the British, constructing trenches and artillery positions to bombard the enemy fortifications.
After weeks of artillery bombardment and with no escape possible, Cornwallis's position became untenable. On October 19, 1781, he surrendered his army of about 8,000 men to Washington and Rochambeau, marking one of the last major battles of the Revolutionary War.
The surrender at Yorktown effectively ended major military operations in the American Revolution. It dramatically shifted political opinions in Britain, leading to negotiations that culminated in the Treaty of Paris in 1783, whereby Britain recognized American independence. The victory at Yorktown became a symbol of national triumph and military success.

What Do People Do on This Day?
Yorktown Victory Day celebrates the American and French victory over British forces in 1781, which effectively ended the Revolutionary War. One of the most visually striking features of the day are the historical reenactments. These often include reenactments of the siege, the final assault, and the British surrender, providing a vivid etc.
Ceremonies often take place at the Yorktown Victory Monument and other significant sites, where wreaths are laid to honor the soldiers who fought in the battle. Parades may feature marching bands, military units, historical societies, and community organizations, celebrating both the historical and modern community spirit.
Special guided tours of the battlefield and other historical sites are often available, providing insights into the strategic elements of the siege and the conditions of the 1781 battle. Museums and historical sites often host lectures and presentations by historians who discuss various aspects of the Revolutionary War, the significance of the Battle of Yorktown, and the historical context of 18th-century America.
Musical performances and patriotic concerts are common, featuring colonial and military music that commemorates the era and the victory.
The Yorktown Victory
The Battle of Yorktown, also known as the Siege of Yorktown, was a decisive victory by a combined force of American Continental Army troops and French Army troops over a British Army. The battle took place from September 28 to October 19, 1781, in Yorktown, Virginia, and was the last major land battle of the American Revolutionary War in the North American theater.
In 1781, after a prolonged campaign in the Southern colonies, British General Lord Cornwallis moved his army to the coastal town of Yorktown, Virginia. He believed this position would allow him to maintain maritime communications with the British fleet and receive reinforcements as needed. General Washington saw an opportunity to trap Cornwallis at Yorktown. The French naval force played a crucial role by defeating the British fleet at the Battle of the Chesapeake, thereby denying Cornwallis the naval support necessary for his evacuation or reinforcement.
By late September 1781, American and French forces had encircled Cornwallis's troops in Yorktown. The allied forces quickly began siege operations, erecting fortifications and artillery positions around the British defenses. On the night of October 14, American and French troops launched assaults on key British redoubts, which led to their capture and effectively sealed the fate of the British army.
Faced with the untenable situation, and after failed attempts to evacuate his troops across the York River, Cornwallis negotiated the terms of surrender. On October 19, 1781, he surrendered his army to General Washington.

Columbus Day
2025-10-13
Columbus Day commemorates the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the Americas in 1492. This day is a subject of controversy as it also marks the beginning of the colonization of the Americas and the subsequent impact on Native American peoples. While some celebrate this day in honor of Columbus' achievements, others observe Indigenous Peoples' Day instead, recognizing the history and culture of indigenous people affected by European colonization.
Table of Contents

When is Columbus Day?
The History of Columbus Day?
What Do People Do on This Day?
Who was Christopher Columbus?

When is Columbus Day?
Columbus Day is observed on the second Monday of October each year in the United States. This scheduling places the holiday on a specific date within the month rather than on the traditional October 12th, the date of Columbus's landfall in the Americas in 1492. This adjustment aligns with the Uniform Monday Holiday Act, which aimed to provide more three-day weekends for the nation's workers.
The following is the list of Columbus Day in the United States.

HolidayDateWeekday

Columbus DayOctober 12, 2020Monday

Columbus DayOctober 11, 2021Monday

Columbus DayOctober 10, 2022Monday

Columbus DayOctober 09, 2023Monday

Columbus DayOctober 14, 2024Monday

Columbus DayOctober 13, 2025Monday

Columbus DayOctober 12, 2026Monday

Columbus DayOctober 11, 2027Monday

Columbus DayOctober 09, 2028Monday

Columbus DayOctober 08, 2029Monday

Columbus DayOctober 14, 2030Monday

Columbus DayOctober 13, 2031Monday

Columbus DayOctober 11, 2032Monday

Columbus DayOctober 10, 2033Monday

Columbus DayOctober 09, 2034Monday

Columbus DayOctober 08, 2035Monday

Columbus DayOctober 13, 2036Monday

Columbus DayOctober 12, 2037Monday

Columbus DayOctober 11, 2038Monday

Columbus DayOctober 10, 2039Monday

Columbus DayOctober 08, 2040Monday

Columbus DayOctober 14, 2041Monday

Columbus DayOctober 13, 2042Monday

Columbus DayOctober 12, 2043Monday

Columbus DayOctober 10, 2044Monday

Columbus DayOctober 09, 2045Monday

Columbus DayOctober 08, 2046Monday

Columbus DayOctober 14, 2047Monday

Columbus DayOctober 12, 2048Monday

Columbus DayOctober 11, 2049Monday

The History of Columbus Day?
The history of Columbus Day in the United States is a blend of celebration, controversy, and evolution over time. Columbus Day originated as a celebration of Italian-American heritage, marking the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the Americas on October 12, 1492. The first known celebration in the United States took place on October 12, 1792, in New York City, commemorating the 300th anniversary of Columbus's landing.
Colorado was the first U.S. state to observe Columbus Day in 1907. In 1937, President Franklin D. Roosevelt proclaimed Columbus Day a national holiday with the celebration on October 12. In 1968, Congress passed the Uniform Monday Holiday Act, which moved the celebration of Columbus Day to the second Monday in October. This change became effective in 1971, aligning it with the contemporary practice of creating long weekends.
The holiday has become increasingly controversial due to the historical impact of Columbus's voyages on the indigenous populations of the Americas. In response to this controversy, some states and cities have replaced Columbus Day with Indigenous Peoples' Day to honor the history and cultures of Native Americans.
Today, Columbus Day is a federal holiday, but its observance varies across the United States. Some states and cities celebrate it, while others have replaced it with Indigenous Peoples' Day or do not observe it at all.

What Do People Do on This Day?
On Columbus Day in the United States, activities and observances vary widely, reflecting the diverse perspectives and traditions of different communities.
In cities with large Italian-American communities, Columbus Day is often celebrated with parades and events that highlight Italian culture, heritage, and contributions to American society.
Local festivals, concerts, and gatherings are common, featuring Italian music, dance, food, and sometimes historical reenactments.
Schools and educational institutions often use the day to teach about the Age of Exploration, including the voyages of Columbus and their impact on history.
In areas where Columbus Day has been replaced or supplemented by Indigenous Peoples' Day, there are events and activities focused on Native American culture and history.
For many people, the long weekend provides an opportunity for family gatherings or short vacations.
The way people observe Columbus Day in the United States often reflects their cultural background, personal beliefs, and the local community's stance on the holiday's significance.
Who was Christopher Columbus?
Christopher Columbus (1451–1506) was an Italian explorer and navigator who played an important role in world history by making four transatlantic voyages, under the auspices of the Spanish monarchs, that opened the way for the widespread European exploration and colonization of the Americas.
Columbus was born in the Republic of Genoa. He began his career as a mariner in the Mediterranean and later sailed to the Aegean Sea, and Northern Europe. Columbus proposed a voyage westward across the Atlantic Ocean in search of a direct sea route to Asia. After years of seeking sponsorship, King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella I of Spain agreed to support his expedition.
– First Voyage (1492-1493): Columbus set sail with three ships and landed in the Bahamas. He also explored parts of Cuba, Haiti and the Dominican Republic.
– Second Voyage (1493-1496): On his second voyage, he explored more of the Caribbean, including Puerto Rico and Jamaica.
– Third Voyage (1498-1500): Columbus reached the South American mainland (Venezuela) and the Orinoco River.
– Fourth Voyage (1502-1504): He explored areas in Central America, looking for a strait to the Indian Ocean but encountered numerous hardships.
Columbus's voyages led to the widespread awareness of the Americas in Europe and the eventual European colonization of the New World. While Columbus is often credited with "discovering" the Americas, his arrival marked the beginning of centuries of European conquest and colonization, which had devastating effects on the native populations through disease, war, and exploitation.

Lotu a Tamaiti
2025-10-12 - 2025-10-13
Lotu a Tamaiti translates to "Children's Worship", and the holiday is also called White Sunday. It is a day dedicated to honoring children, recognizing their place in families, churches and Samoan society.
When is Lotu a Tamaiti?
Lotu a Tamaiti in Samoa is celebrated on the second Sunday in October, with the following Monday as a public holiday.
The following is the list of Lotu a Tamaiti Holiday (Monday) from 2020 to 2049.

HolidayDateWeekday

Lotu a TamaitiOct 12, 2020Monday

Lotu a TamaitiOct 11, 2021Monday

Lotu a TamaitiOct 10, 2022Monday

Lotu a TamaitiOct 16, 2023Monday

Lotu a TamaitiOct 14, 2024Monday

Lotu a TamaitiOct 13, 2025Monday

Lotu a TamaitiOct 12, 2026Monday

Lotu a TamaitiOct 11, 2027Monday

Lotu a TamaitiOct 16, 2028Monday

Lotu a TamaitiOct 15, 2029Monday

Lotu a TamaitiOct 14, 2030Monday

Lotu a TamaitiOct 13, 2031Monday

Lotu a TamaitiOct 11, 2032Monday

Lotu a TamaitiOct 10, 2033Monday

Lotu a TamaitiOct 16, 2034Monday

Lotu a TamaitiOct 15, 2035Monday

Lotu a TamaitiOct 13, 2036Monday

Lotu a TamaitiOct 12, 2037Monday

Lotu a TamaitiOct 11, 2038Monday

Lotu a TamaitiOct 10, 2039Monday

Lotu a TamaitiOct 15, 2040Monday

Lotu a TamaitiOct 14, 2041Monday

Lotu a TamaitiOct 13, 2042Monday

Lotu a TamaitiOct 12, 2043Monday

Lotu a TamaitiOct 10, 2044Monday

Lotu a TamaitiOct 16, 2045Monday

Lotu a TamaitiOct 15, 2046Monday

Lotu a TamaitiOct 14, 2047Monday

Lotu a TamaitiOct 12, 2048Monday

Lotu a TamaitiOct 11, 2049Monday

The History of Lotu a Tamaiti?
The origins of Lotu a Tamaiti date back to the early 20th century, during the period of strong Christian missionary activity in Samoa. Missionaries introduced the idea of a special service dedicated to children's role in faith and society, emphasizing their importance in Christian teachings.
By the 1900s–1910s, Samoan churches began holding a dedicated Sunday where children led worship, reciting Bible verses, singing hymns, and taking part in dramas and prayers. The wearing of white clothing by children became a hallmark of the day, symbolizing purity and innocence. This gave rise to the name White Sunday.
As the tradition grew, Lotu a Tamaiti spread beyond the churches and into national culture, becoming one of the most widely observed holidays in Samoa.
The Government of Samoa officially recognized White Sunday as a public holiday, with the second Sunday in October as the day of worship and the following Monday declared a public holiday for families.
Over time, the holiday evolved into a blend of religious service and cultural celebration. While the church remains central, families also use the day to honor children, give them gifts, and prepare feasts where children are served first.
Today, Lotu a Tamaiti is one of the most significant national holidays in Samoa, standing alongside Mother's Day, Father's Day, and Independence Day.

National Day Spain
2025-10-12
Spain's National Day Spain's National Day on October 12 marks the anniversary of Columbus's 1492 voyage. Today, it symbolizes Spanish unity, culture, and global ties, though it also invites reflection on Spain's colonial past.
When is National Day?
National Day in Spain is celebrated every year on October 12.
The following is the list of National Day from 2020 to 2049.

HolidayDateWeekday

National DayOct 12, 2020Monday

National DayOct 12, 2021Tuesday

National DayOct 12, 2022Wednesday

National DayOct 12, 2023Thursday

National DayOct 12, 2024Saturday

National DayOct 12, 2025Sunday

National DayOct 12, 2026Monday

National DayOct 12, 2027Tuesday

National DayOct 12, 2028Thursday

National DayOct 12, 2029Friday

National DayOct 12, 2030Saturday

National DayOct 12, 2031Sunday

National DayOct 12, 2032Tuesday

National DayOct 12, 2033Wednesday

National DayOct 12, 2034Thursday

National DayOct 12, 2035Friday

National DayOct 12, 2036Sunday

National DayOct 12, 2037Monday

National DayOct 12, 2038Tuesday

National DayOct 12, 2039Wednesday

National DayOct 12, 2040Friday

National DayOct 12, 2041Saturday

National DayOct 12, 2042Sunday

National DayOct 12, 2043Monday

National DayOct 12, 2044Wednesday

National DayOct 12, 2045Thursday

National DayOct 12, 2046Friday

National DayOct 12, 2047Saturday

National DayOct 12, 2048Monday

National DayOct 12, 2049Tuesday

The History of National Day?
On October 12, 1492, Christopher Columbus landed in the Americas during his first voyage, backed by the Catholic Monarchs (Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain). This event marked the beginning of Spain's role as a global power, the start of European colonization in the Americas, and the spread of Spanish language, culture, and Catholicism.
Because of its significance, October 12 became a symbolic date for Spanish identity and its connection with Latin America. In the early 20th century, October 12 was recognized in Spain and many Latin American countries as Day of the Race, emphasizing a shared heritage between Spain and Spanish-speaking peoples across the world.
Under General Francisco Franco's dictatorship, October 12 was promoted as a day of Spanish imperial pride and national unity, tied closely to his regime's ideology. It was used as a symbol of Spain's past greatness and its role in the Hispanic world.
After Franco's death and Spain's transition to democracy (1975–1982), the holiday was redefined.
In 1981, October 12 was officially named Fiesta de la Hispanidad, highlighting Spain's connection with the broader Hispanic world.
In 1987, a law established it as the Fiesta Nacional de España (National Day of Spain), giving it its current legal status as the country's official national holiday.
While it officially celebrates Spain's unity and history, it is also a day of reflection and debate about colonial history, cultural identity, and Spain's role in the world.
In Latin American countries, October 12 has evolved into different commemorations (e.g., Indigenous Peoples' Day, Day of Respect for Cultural Diversity in Argentina), reflecting diverse perspectives on the legacy of colonization.

Day of the Race
2025-10-12
Day of the Race (Día de la Raza) is a holiday observed in many Latin American countries, Spain, and the United States to commemorate the landing of Christopher Columbus in the Americas on October 12, 1492. It recognizes the historic encounter between Europe and the Americas, a moment that profoundly shaped the course of world history.
When is Day of the Race?
Day of the Race is observed on October 12 each year.
The following is the list of Day of the Race from 2020 to 2049.

HolidayDateWeekday

Day of the RaceOct 12, 2020Monday

Day of the RaceOct 12, 2021Tuesday

Day of the RaceOct 12, 2022Wednesday

Day of the RaceOct 12, 2023Thursday

Day of the RaceOct 12, 2024Saturday

Day of the RaceOct 12, 2025Sunday

Day of the RaceOct 12, 2026Monday

Day of the RaceOct 12, 2027Tuesday

Day of the RaceOct 12, 2028Thursday

Day of the RaceOct 12, 2029Friday

Day of the RaceOct 12, 2030Saturday

Day of the RaceOct 12, 2031Sunday

Day of the RaceOct 12, 2032Tuesday

Day of the RaceOct 12, 2033Wednesday

Day of the RaceOct 12, 2034Thursday

Day of the RaceOct 12, 2035Friday

Day of the RaceOct 12, 2036Sunday

Day of the RaceOct 12, 2037Monday

Day of the RaceOct 12, 2038Tuesday

Day of the RaceOct 12, 2039Wednesday

Day of the RaceOct 12, 2040Friday

Day of the RaceOct 12, 2041Saturday

Day of the RaceOct 12, 2042Sunday

Day of the RaceOct 12, 2043Monday

Day of the RaceOct 12, 2044Wednesday

Day of the RaceOct 12, 2045Thursday

Day of the RaceOct 12, 2046Friday

Day of the RaceOct 12, 2047Saturday

Day of the RaceOct 12, 2048Monday

Day of the RaceOct 12, 2049Tuesday

The History of Day of the Race?
Day of the Race evolved into a highly symbolic and contested observance, representing themes of colonial legacy, cultural identity, and historical reflection across Latin America and Spain.
The idea of Día de la Raza was first proposed in Spain in the early 1900s by Faustino Rodríguez-San Pedro, president of the Ibero-American Union. The aim was to celebrate the cultural and historical ties between Spain and Latin America, united by the Spanish language and shared colonial history.
October 12 was chosen because it marked Columbus's first landing in the Americas, a date traditionally viewed as the beginning of the Hispanic world.
By the 1920s and 1930s, many Latin American countries had adopted Día de la Raza as a public holiday.
Initially, it was a celebration of Hispanic heritage, often emphasizing the "discovery" of the Americas, the spread of Christianity and European civilization, and the emergence of mestizo (mixed) culture.
As postcolonial awareness grew, especially in the late 20th century, many people began to challenge the original narrative of the holiday.
Critics pointed out that the day glorified the colonial conquest, cultural erasure and violence against Indigenous peoples.
As a result, many countries have redefined or renamed the holiday to emphasize Indigenous resistance and resilience, cultural diversity and historical justice.

Day of Catalonia
2025-10-11
The Day of Catalonia originated as a remembrance of the 1714 defeat but has evolved into a powerful expression of Catalonia's culture, history, and political struggle for autonomy or independence.
When is Day of Catalonia?
Day of Catalonia is celebrated every year on September 11.
The following is the list of Day of Catalonia from 2020 to 2049.

HolidayDateWeekday

Day of CataloniaSep 11, 2020Friday

Day of CataloniaSep 11, 2021Saturday

Day of CataloniaSep 11, 2022Sunday

Day of CataloniaSep 11, 2023Monday

Day of CataloniaSep 11, 2024Wednesday

Day of CataloniaSep 11, 2025Thursday

Day of CataloniaSep 11, 2026Friday

Day of CataloniaSep 11, 2027Saturday

Day of CataloniaSep 11, 2028Monday

Day of CataloniaSep 11, 2029Tuesday

Day of CataloniaSep 11, 2030Wednesday

Day of CataloniaSep 11, 2031Thursday

Day of CataloniaSep 11, 2032Saturday

Day of CataloniaSep 11, 2033Sunday

Day of CataloniaSep 11, 2034Monday

Day of CataloniaSep 11, 2035Tuesday

Day of CataloniaSep 11, 2036Thursday

Day of CataloniaSep 11, 2037Friday

Day of CataloniaSep 11, 2038Saturday

Day of CataloniaSep 11, 2039Sunday

Day of CataloniaSep 11, 2040Tuesday

Day of CataloniaSep 11, 2041Wednesday

Day of CataloniaSep 11, 2042Thursday

Day of CataloniaSep 11, 2043Friday

Day of CataloniaSep 11, 2044Sunday

Day of CataloniaSep 11, 2045Monday

Day of CataloniaSep 11, 2046Tuesday

Day of CataloniaSep 11, 2047Wednesday

Day of CataloniaSep 11, 2048Friday

Day of CataloniaSep 11, 2049Saturday

The History of Day of Catalonia?
The Day of Catalonia commemorates September 11, 1714, when Barcelona fell to the Bourbon forces of King Philip V after a 14-month siege during the War of the Spanish Succession.
The first public remembrance took place in 1886 at the tomb of Rafael Casanova, one of the city's military leaders in 1714.
By the late 19th century, September 11 had become a patriotic and cultural day for Catalans, tied to the Renaixença movement that revived Catalan language and culture.
Under dictatorships (such as Primo de Rivera in the 1920s and Francisco Franco from 1939–1975), public observance of La Diada was banned, though Catalans continued to honor it privately.
In 1977, after Franco's death, a massive demonstration in Barcelona on September 11 drew over one million people demanding autonomy.
In 1980, after the restoration of democracy and Catalan self-government, the Parliament of Catalonia officially declared September 11 the National Day of Catalonia.
Today, Day of Catalonia is both a commemoration of the 1714 defeat and a symbol of Catalan identity and political aspirations.

Sarawak Governor's Birthday
2025-10-11
The Sarawak Governor's Birthday, or Hari Keputeraan Yang di-Pertua Negeri Sarawak, is an annual public holiday celebrated in Sarawak, Malaysia. It honors the Yang di-Pertua Negeri (Governor), the ceremonial head of the state. The occasion highlights the Governor's role in preserving unity and governance while celebrating Sarawak's diverse cultural heritage.
Table of Contents

When is the Sarawak Governor's Birthday?
The History of the Sarawak Governor's Birthday?
What Do People Do on This Day?
The Sarawak Governors

When is the Sarawak Governor's Birthday?
The Sarawak Governor's Birthday is celebrated on the second Saturday in October each year.
The following is the list of the Sarawak Governor's Birthday from 2020 to 2049.

HolidayDateWeekday

Sarawak Governor's BirthdayOctober 10, 2020Saturday

Sarawak Governor's BirthdayOctober 09, 2021Saturday

Sarawak Governor's BirthdayOctober 08, 2022Saturday

Sarawak Governor's BirthdayOctober 14, 2023Saturday

Sarawak Governor's BirthdayOctober 12, 2024Saturday

Sarawak Governor's BirthdayOctober 11, 2025Saturday

Sarawak Governor's BirthdayOctober 10, 2026Saturday

Sarawak Governor's BirthdayOctober 09, 2027Saturday

Sarawak Governor's BirthdayOctober 14, 2028Saturday

Sarawak Governor's BirthdayOctober 13, 2029Saturday

Sarawak Governor's BirthdayOctober 12, 2030Saturday

Sarawak Governor's BirthdayOctober 11, 2031Saturday

Sarawak Governor's BirthdayOctober 09, 2032Saturday

Sarawak Governor's BirthdayOctober 08, 2033Saturday

Sarawak Governor's BirthdayOctober 14, 2034Saturday

Sarawak Governor's BirthdayOctober 13, 2035Saturday

Sarawak Governor's BirthdayOctober 11, 2036Saturday

Sarawak Governor's BirthdayOctober 10, 2037Saturday

Sarawak Governor's BirthdayOctober 09, 2038Saturday

Sarawak Governor's BirthdayOctober 08, 2039Saturday

Sarawak Governor's BirthdayOctober 13, 2040Saturday

Sarawak Governor's BirthdayOctober 12, 2041Saturday

Sarawak Governor's BirthdayOctober 11, 2042Saturday

Sarawak Governor's BirthdayOctober 10, 2043Saturday

Sarawak Governor's BirthdayOctober 08, 2044Saturday

Sarawak Governor's BirthdayOctober 14, 2045Saturday

Sarawak Governor's BirthdayOctober 13, 2046Saturday

Sarawak Governor's BirthdayOctober 12, 2047Saturday

Sarawak Governor's BirthdayOctober 10, 2048Saturday

Sarawak Governor's BirthdayOctober 09, 2049Saturday

The History of the Sarawak Governor's Birthday
The History of the Sarawak Governor's Birthday is tied to the formation of Sarawak as a self-governing entity and its integration into Malaysia.
The position of Yang di-Pertua Negeri (Governor) was established in 1963 when Sarawak gained self-governance from British colonial rule on July 22, 1963. As Sarawak joined Malaysia on September 16, 1963, the role of the Governor replaced the British colonial Governor, becoming a constitutional head of state.
Unlike states with hereditary rulers (sultans), Sarawak, as a non-monarchical state, appoints a Governor as its highest official. The Governor is appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King of Malaysia).
The Sarawak Governor's Birthday began as a formal occasion to honor the role of the Yang di-Pertua Negeri in the state's governance and cultural preservation. Initially, celebrations were modest, with ceremonies limited to government offices and a few community gatherings.
Over the decades, the Sarawak Governor's Birthday evolved from a strictly official event to an inclusive celebration involving cultural and community activities. The day became an opportunity to recognize the contributions of individuals and organizations to Sarawak's development.
In recent years, the event has expanded to include public parades, cultural performances, and community engagement initiatives, reflecting Sarawak's unique identity.

What Do People Do on This Day?
On the Sarawak Governor's Birthday, the people of Sarawak engage in various ceremonies, cultural events, and community activities to honor the Yang di-Pertua Negeri and celebrate Sarawak's rich cultural heritage.
The central event takes place at Astana Negeri, the Governor's official residence in Kuching. Highlights include guard of honor parade, award presentations, and Governor's speech.
Special prayers for peace and well-being are held in mosques across Sarawak to pray for the Governor's health and the state's prosperity.
Public spaces, streets and government buildings are adorned with Sarawak state flags and celebratory banners.
Cultural dances, music, and art displays highlight Sarawak's diverse ethnic groups. Performances often include the Ngajat dance, Datun Julud, and music played on the sape.
Many Sarawakians spend the day with loved ones, enjoying meals or attending events together.
The Sarawak Governors
Here is a list of all the Governors of Sarawak since the state joined Malaysia on September 16, 1963. The Yang di-Pertua Negeri serves as the ceremonial head of state for Sarawak, representing the constitutional role of the monarchy within the Malaysian federation.
1. Tun Datuk Abang Haji Openg Abang Sapiee
Term: September 16, 1963 – March 28, 1969
Background: The first Governor of Sarawak, Tun Abang Openg was instrumental in Sarawak's transition from British rule to joining Malaysia.
2. Datuk Tuanku Bujang Tuanku Othman
Term: April 2, 1969 – February 2, 1977
Background: Known for his dedication to public service, Tuanku Bujang was a prominent figure in Sarawak's development post-independence.
3. Tun Datuk Patinggi Abdul Rahman Ya'kub
Term: April 2, 1977 – February 2, 1981
Background: Before becoming Governor, Abdul Rahman Ya'kub served as Sarawak's Chief Minister. His governorship focused on Sarawak's cultural and economic growth.
4. Tun Datuk Patinggi Ahmad Zaidi Adruce Mohammad Noor
Term: February 2, 1981 – December 5, 2000
Background: Tun Ahmad Zaidi was the longest-serving Governor, holding office for nearly 20 years. His tenure saw significant progress in infrastructure and community development.
5. Tun Datuk Patinggi Abang Muhammad Salahuddin Abang Barieng (First Term)
Term: December 5, 2000 – February 21, 2001
Background: A respected leader, Abang Muhammad Salahuddin became Sarawak's Governor in two separate terms, first briefly in 2000.
6. Tun Datuk Patinggi Abang Muhammad Salahuddin Abang Barieng (Second Term)
Term: February 22, 2001 – February 28, 2014
Background: Returning as Governor, Salahuddin's leadership spanned over a decade, focusing on preserving Sarawak's unique identity within Malaysia.
7. Tun Pehin Sri Abdul Taib Mahmud
Term: March 1, 2014 – Present
Background: Formerly Sarawak's Chief Minister for over 33 years, Abdul Taib became Governor in 2014. His tenure emphasizes economic development, cultural heritage, and autonomy for Sarawak.

Referendum Day (Austria)
2025-10-10
Referendum Day in Carinthia, Austria commemorates the 1920 plebiscite, when the people of southern Carinthia chose to remain part of Austria, shaping the state's borders and cultural identity.
When is Referendum Day?
Referendum Day in Carinthia, Austria is celebrated every year on October 10.
The following is the list of Referendum Day from 2020 to 2049.

HolidayDateWeekday

Referendum DayOct 10, 2020Saturday

Referendum DayOct 10, 2021Sunday

Referendum DayOct 10, 2022Monday

Referendum DayOct 10, 2023Tuesday

Referendum DayOct 10, 2024Thursday

Referendum DayOct 10, 2025Friday

Referendum DayOct 10, 2026Saturday

Referendum DayOct 10, 2027Sunday

Referendum DayOct 10, 2028Tuesday

Referendum DayOct 10, 2029Wednesday

Referendum DayOct 10, 2030Thursday

Referendum DayOct 10, 2031Friday

Referendum DayOct 10, 2032Sunday

Referendum DayOct 10, 2033Monday

Referendum DayOct 10, 2034Tuesday

Referendum DayOct 10, 2035Wednesday

Referendum DayOct 10, 2036Friday

Referendum DayOct 10, 2037Saturday

Referendum DayOct 10, 2038Sunday

Referendum DayOct 10, 2039Monday

Referendum DayOct 10, 2040Wednesday

Referendum DayOct 10, 2041Thursday

Referendum DayOct 10, 2042Friday

Referendum DayOct 10, 2043Saturday

Referendum DayOct 10, 2044Monday

Referendum DayOct 10, 2045Tuesday

Referendum DayOct 10, 2046Wednesday

Referendum DayOct 10, 2047Thursday

Referendum DayOct 10, 2048Saturday

Referendum DayOct 10, 2049Sunday

The History of Referendum Day?
With the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918, new states emerged, including the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (later Yugoslavia). Both Austria and the new kingdom claimed parts of southern Carinthia, a region with mixed German-speaking and Slovene-speaking populations.
In 1919, the Treaty of Saint-Germain confirmed Austria's independence but left disputes over Carinthia unresolved. Armed clashes broke out between Austrian and Yugoslav forces in the contested zone. To prevent further conflict, the Allied powers decided the issue should be settled by a referendum.
The referendum gave people living in the southern Carinthian zone a choice: remain part of Austria, or join the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes.
Despite expectations that Slovene speakers might favor joining Yugoslavia, the result was 59% in favor of staying with Austria, including many Slovene-speaking Carinthians.
The plebiscite secured Austria's southern border, preventing further military disputes. It also symbolized the principle of self-determination promoted after World War I. For Carinthia, it became a key moment of regional identity and pride.
Since 1920, October 10 has been celebrated as Referendum Day in Carinthia. It became an official regional holiday in Carinthia (though not nationwide).

Maroons Day
2025-10-10
Maroons Day in Suriname commemorates the 1760–1762 peace treaties between escaped enslaved Africans and the Dutch. Recognized as a national holiday since 2011, it celebrates the resilience and cultural heritage of Maroon communities, with festivals, music and remembrance of their struggle against slavery.
When is Maroons Day?
Maroons Day in Suriname is observed on October 10 every year.
The following is the list of Maroons Day from 2020 to 2049.

HolidayDateWeekday

Maroons DayOct 10, 2020Saturday

Maroons DayOct 10, 2021Sunday

Maroons DayOct 10, 2022Monday

Maroons DayOct 10, 2023Tuesday

Maroons DayOct 10, 2024Thursday

Maroons DayOct 10, 2025Friday

Maroons DayOct 10, 2026Saturday

Maroons DayOct 10, 2027Sunday

Maroons DayOct 10, 2028Tuesday

Maroons DayOct 10, 2029Wednesday

Maroons DayOct 10, 2030Thursday

Maroons DayOct 10, 2031Friday

Maroons DayOct 10, 2032Sunday

Maroons DayOct 10, 2033Monday

Maroons DayOct 10, 2034Tuesday

Maroons DayOct 10, 2035Wednesday

Maroons DayOct 10, 2036Friday

Maroons DayOct 10, 2037Saturday

Maroons DayOct 10, 2038Sunday

Maroons DayOct 10, 2039Monday

Maroons DayOct 10, 2040Wednesday

Maroons DayOct 10, 2041Thursday

Maroons DayOct 10, 2042Friday

Maroons DayOct 10, 2043Saturday

Maroons DayOct 10, 2044Monday

Maroons DayOct 10, 2045Tuesday

Maroons DayOct 10, 2046Wednesday

Maroons DayOct 10, 2047Thursday

Maroons DayOct 10, 2048Saturday

Maroons DayOct 10, 2049Sunday

The History of Maroons Day?
During the 17th and 18th centuries, enslaved Africans were brought to Suriname by Dutch colonists to work on plantations. Many resisted and escaped into the dense rainforest, forming independent communities far from colonial control.
These communities became known as Maroons (or Bushinengue in Suriname). They preserved African traditions, spiritual practices and languages, while adapting to the Amazonian environment.
The Maroons waged guerrilla wars against Dutch forces and plantation owners. They launched raids to free others from slavery and defended their autonomy. For decades, the colonial authorities were unable to defeat them militarily.
Eventually, the Dutch agreed to negotiate. Between 1760 and 1762, a series of peace treaties were signed with different Maroon groups (notably the Ndyuka, Saramaka, and Matawai). Suriname's Maroons thus became some of the first freed Black communities in the Americas recognized by a colonial power.
To honor this history, October 10 was chosen as Maroons Day, marking the treaties that guaranteed Maroon autonomy.
The holiday was officially declared by the Surinamese government in 2011.

National Day Taiwan
2025-10-10
National Day in Taiwan, officially called the National Day of the Republic of China (ROC) and commonly known as Double Ten Day (雙十節), is celebrated every year. It commemorates the start of the Wuchang Uprising in 1911, which marked the beginning of the Xinhai Revolution that overthrew the Qing Dynasty and led to the founding of the Republic of China—the first democratic republic in Asia.
When is National Day?
National Day in Taiwan is celebrated every year on October 10.
The following is the list of National Day from 2020 to 2049.

HolidayDateWeekday

National DayOct 10, 2020Saturday

National DayOct 10, 2021Sunday

National DayOct 10, 2022Monday

National DayOct 10, 2023Tuesday

National DayOct 10, 2024Thursday

National DayOct 10, 2025Friday

National DayOct 10, 2026Saturday

National DayOct 10, 2027Sunday

National DayOct 10, 2028Tuesday

National DayOct 10, 2029Wednesday

National DayOct 10, 2030Thursday

National DayOct 10, 2031Friday

National DayOct 10, 2032Sunday

National DayOct 10, 2033Monday

National DayOct 10, 2034Tuesday

National DayOct 10, 2035Wednesday

National DayOct 10, 2036Friday

National DayOct 10, 2037Saturday

National DayOct 10, 2038Sunday

National DayOct 10, 2039Monday

National DayOct 10, 2040Wednesday

National DayOct 10, 2041Thursday

National DayOct 10, 2042Friday

National DayOct 10, 2043Saturday

National DayOct 10, 2044Monday

National DayOct 10, 2045Tuesday

National DayOct 10, 2046Wednesday

National DayOct 10, 2047Thursday

National DayOct 10, 2048Saturday

National DayOct 10, 2049Sunday

The History of National Day?
On October 10, 1911, a revolt broke out in Wuchang, a city in Hubei Province, led by revolutionary forces opposing the Qing Dynasty. This uprising spread rapidly across China and led to the collapse of the Qing Dynasty, ending over 2,000 years of imperial rule.
The Xinhai Revolution, named after the year 1911 in the Chinese calendar system, set the stage for the creation of a modern Chinese republic.
On January 1, 1912, the Republic of China (ROC) was officially proclaimed in Nanjing, with Dr. Sun Yat-sen as the provisional president.
The Republic of China (ROC) adopted October 10, the start of the revolution, as its National Day, celebrating the overthrow of monarchy and the birth of republican governance.
Following the Chinese Civil War, the People's Republic of China (PRC) was established on the mainland by the Chinese Communist Party in 1949.
The Republic of China (ROC) government, led by the Kuomintang (KMT), retreated to Taiwan, where it continued to govern under the ROC Constitution.
Despite losing international recognition as "China" after the 1970s, the Republic of China (ROC) in Taiwan continued to celebrate October 10 as its National Day, emphasizing its own historical continuity and identity.

Day of Valencian Community
2025-10-09
The Day of the Valencian Community commemorates both the 1238 conquest of Valencia by James I of Aragon and the region's modern Statute of Autonomy (1982). It blends solemn civic traditions with festive customs such as the Mocadorà, making it both a patriotic and popular holiday.
When is the Day of Valencian Community?
The Day of Valencian Community celebrated every year on October 9.
The following is the list of the Day of Valencian Community from 2020 to 2049.

HolidayDateWeekday

Day of Valencian CommunityOct 09, 2020Friday

Day of Valencian CommunityOct 09, 2021Saturday

Day of Valencian CommunityOct 09, 2022Sunday

Day of Valencian CommunityOct 09, 2023Monday

Day of Valencian CommunityOct 09, 2024Wednesday

Day of Valencian CommunityOct 09, 2025Thursday

Day of Valencian CommunityOct 09, 2026Friday

Day of Valencian CommunityOct 09, 2027Saturday

Day of Valencian CommunityOct 09, 2028Monday

Day of Valencian CommunityOct 09, 2029Tuesday

Day of Valencian CommunityOct 09, 2030Wednesday

Day of Valencian CommunityOct 09, 2031Thursday

Day of Valencian CommunityOct 09, 2032Saturday

Day of Valencian CommunityOct 09, 2033Sunday

Day of Valencian CommunityOct 09, 2034Monday

Day of Valencian CommunityOct 09, 2035Tuesday

Day of Valencian CommunityOct 09, 2036Thursday

Day of Valencian CommunityOct 09, 2037Friday

Day of Valencian CommunityOct 09, 2038Saturday

Day of Valencian CommunityOct 09, 2039Sunday

Day of Valencian CommunityOct 09, 2040Tuesday

Day of Valencian CommunityOct 09, 2041Wednesday

Day of Valencian CommunityOct 09, 2042Thursday

Day of Valencian CommunityOct 09, 2043Friday

Day of Valencian CommunityOct 09, 2044Sunday

Day of Valencian CommunityOct 09, 2045Monday

Day of Valencian CommunityOct 09, 2046Tuesday

Day of Valencian CommunityOct 09, 2047Wednesday

Day of Valencian CommunityOct 09, 2048Friday

Day of Valencian CommunityOct 09, 2049Saturday

The History of the Day of Valencian Community?
On October 9, 1238, King James I of Aragon (Jaume I el Conqueridor) entered the city of Valencia after forcing its Muslim ruler, Zayyan ibn Mardanis, to surrender.
This conquest established the Kingdom of Valencia, one of the territories of the Crown of Aragon. The date became remembered as the foundation of Valencia as a Christian kingdom, with its own institutions and identity.
For centuries, October 9 was commemorated in Valencia City with processions of the Senyera (the Valencian flag) and religious acts.
A unique tradition developed: the Senyera is carried horizontally (never lowered to anyone, not even the king), symbolizing sovereignty and dignity. Over time, the date gained symbolic value as a day of regional pride and identity.
After Spain's 1978 Constitution, regions were allowed to seek autonomy. In 1982, the Statute of Autonomy of the Valencian Community was approved, granting self-government.
October 9 was officially declared the Day of the Valencian Community, linking the medieval conquest with the modern affirmation of regional autonomy.

Chuseok
2025-10-06
Chuseok is Korea's harvest festival and ancestral holiday, celebrated on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month. Families honor their ancestors, share food like songpyeon, play traditional games, and reunite, making it one of the most cherished holidays in Korean culture.
When is Chuseok?
Chuseok in South Korea is celebrated on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month.
The following is the list of Chuseok from 2020 to 2049.

HolidayDateWeekday

ChuseokOct 01, 2020Thursday

ChuseokSep 21, 2021Tuesday

ChuseokSep 10, 2022Saturday

ChuseokSep 29, 2023Friday

ChuseokSep 17, 2024Tuesday

ChuseokOct 06, 2025Monday

ChuseokSep 25, 2026Friday

ChuseokSep 15, 2027Wednesday

ChuseokOct 03, 2028Tuesday

ChuseokSep 22, 2029Saturday

ChuseokSep 12, 2030Thursday

ChuseokOct 01, 2031Wednesday

ChuseokSep 19, 2032Sunday

ChuseokSep 08, 2033Thursday

ChuseokSep 27, 2034Wednesday

ChuseokSep 16, 2035Sunday

ChuseokOct 04, 2036Saturday

ChuseokSep 24, 2037Thursday

ChuseokSep 13, 2038Monday

ChuseokOct 02, 2039Sunday

ChuseokSep 20, 2040Thursday

ChuseokSep 10, 2041Tuesday

ChuseokSep 28, 2042Sunday

ChuseokSep 17, 2043Thursday

ChuseokOct 05, 2044Wednesday

ChuseokSep 25, 2045Monday

ChuseokSep 15, 2046Saturday

ChuseokOct 04, 2047Friday

ChuseokSep 22, 2048Tuesday

ChuseokSep 11, 2049Saturday

The History of Chuseok?
Chuseok has its roots in Korea's agrarian society. It began as a harvest festival, when people thanked their ancestors and deities for providing a bountiful crop.
The holiday is connected to shamanistic rituals of honoring the moon, which symbolized abundance and protection.
Historical records describe a festival called Gabae (가배), celebrated during the Silla Kingdom. Women competed in weaving contests, and the losing team had to treat the winners to a feast — likely an early form of Chuseok.
Festivities included banquets, games, and dances, showing its dual role as both a harvest festival and a communal celebration.
Goryeo Dynasty (918–1392): Chuseok became more formalized, with ancestral rites (charye) and communal gatherings. Families began offering newly harvested crops to ancestors as a sign of gratitude.
Joseon Dynasty (1392–1897): Confucianism influenced the holiday, emphasizing ancestor veneration. Rituals like charye (memorial services) and seongmyo (visiting and cleaning graves) became central. Food traditions, especially making songpyeon (half-moon rice cakes), became firmly established.
In the 20th century, Chuseok grew into both a family holiday and a national cultural festival.
After South Korea's modernization, it was designated a 3-day public holiday, allowing millions to return to their hometowns for family reunions.
Today, while traditional rituals remain important, many families also celebrate with modern foods, entertainment, and travel.

Earthquake Remembrance Day
2025-10-06
Earthquake Remembrance Day in Turkmenistan is to honor the victims of the devastating 1948 Ashgabat earthquake. This national day of mourning commemorates one of the deadliest natural disasters in the country's history.
When is Earthquake Remembrance Day?
Earthquake Remembrance Day is observed annually on October 6.
The following is the list of Earthquake Remembrance Day from 2020 to 2049.

HolidayDateWeekday

Earthquake Remembrance DayOct 06, 2020Tuesday

Earthquake Remembrance DayOct 06, 2021Wednesday

Earthquake Remembrance DayOct 06, 2022Thursday

Earthquake Remembrance DayOct 06, 2023Friday

Earthquake Remembrance DayOct 06, 2024Sunday

Earthquake Remembrance DayOct 06, 2025Monday

Earthquake Remembrance DayOct 06, 2026Tuesday

Earthquake Remembrance DayOct 06, 2027Wednesday

Earthquake Remembrance DayOct 06, 2028Friday

Earthquake Remembrance DayOct 06, 2029Saturday

Earthquake Remembrance DayOct 06, 2030Sunday

Earthquake Remembrance DayOct 06, 2031Monday

Earthquake Remembrance DayOct 06, 2032Wednesday

Earthquake Remembrance DayOct 06, 2033Thursday

Earthquake Remembrance DayOct 06, 2034Friday

Earthquake Remembrance DayOct 06, 2035Saturday

Earthquake Remembrance DayOct 06, 2036Monday

Earthquake Remembrance DayOct 06, 2037Tuesday

Earthquake Remembrance DayOct 06, 2038Wednesday

Earthquake Remembrance DayOct 06, 2039Thursday

Earthquake Remembrance DayOct 06, 2040Saturday

Earthquake Remembrance DayOct 06, 2041Sunday

Earthquake Remembrance DayOct 06, 2042Monday

Earthquake Remembrance DayOct 06, 2043Tuesday

Earthquake Remembrance DayOct 06, 2044Thursday

Earthquake Remembrance DayOct 06, 2045Friday

Earthquake Remembrance DayOct 06, 2046Saturday

Earthquake Remembrance DayOct 06, 2047Sunday

Earthquake Remembrance DayOct 06, 2048Tuesday

Earthquake Remembrance DayOct 06, 2049Wednesday

The History of Earthquake Remembrance Day?
In the early hours of October 6, 1948, a powerful earthquake with a magnitude of 7.3 struck near Ashgabat, the capital of Turkmenistan. The quake lasted approximately 10 seconds but caused catastrophic destruction. Nearly 98% of the city's buildings were destroyed, and the death toll is estimated between 110,000 and 176,000 people, accounting for about 10% of the population at the time .
At the time, Turkmenistan was part of the Soviet Union, and the Soviet government's censorship policies suppressed widespread reporting of the disaster. Initial official death tolls were significantly underreported, with later estimates revealing the true scale of the tragedy .
The earthquake had profound personal impacts on future leaders. Saparmurat Niyazov, who would become Turkmenistan's first president, lost his entire family in the quake, becoming an orphan at the age of eight .
In 1995, following Turkmenistan's independence, the government officially designated October 6 as a national day of remembrance for the earthquake victims . This day, known as Earthquake Remembrance Day, is a public holiday marked by nationwide mourning and reflection.

King's Birthday in Queensland
2025-10-06
The King's Birthday is a public holiday celebrated in Australia to honor the reigning monarch's birthday. While the actual birthday of King Charles III is on November 14, the holiday in Queensland is observed on the the first Monday in October.
Table of Contents

When is King's Birthday?
The History of King's Birthday?
What Do People Do on This Day?
More about King Charles III

When is King's Birthday?
King's Birthday is observed on the second Monday in June in most other Australian states and territories. However, Queensland celebrates it at a different time of the year, the first Monday in October.
The following is the list of King's Birthday from 2020 to 2049.

HolidayDateWeekday

King's BirthdayOct 05, 2020Monday

King's BirthdayOct 04, 2021Monday

King's BirthdayOct 03, 2022Monday

King's BirthdayOct 02, 2023Monday

King's BirthdayOct 07, 2024Monday

King's BirthdayOct 06, 2025Monday

King's BirthdayOct 05, 2026Monday

King's BirthdayOct 04, 2027Monday

King's BirthdayOct 02, 2028Monday

King's BirthdayOct 01, 2029Monday

King's BirthdayOct 07, 2030Monday

King's BirthdayOct 06, 2031Monday

King's BirthdayOct 04, 2032Monday

King's BirthdayOct 03, 2033Monday

King's BirthdayOct 02, 2034Monday

King's BirthdayOct 01, 2035Monday

King's BirthdayOct 06, 2036Monday

King's BirthdayOct 05, 2037Monday

King's BirthdayOct 04, 2038Monday

King's BirthdayOct 03, 2039Monday

King's BirthdayOct 01, 2040Monday

King's BirthdayOct 07, 2041Monday

King's BirthdayOct 06, 2042Monday

King's BirthdayOct 05, 2043Monday

King's BirthdayOct 03, 2044Monday

King's BirthdayOct 02, 2045Monday

King's BirthdayOct 01, 2046Monday

King's BirthdayOct 07, 2047Monday

King's BirthdayOct 05, 2048Monday

King's BirthdayOct 04, 2049Monday

The History of King's Birthday?
The King's Birthday (or Queen's Birthday when the reigning monarch is female) has been celebrated in Australia for over two centuries. The holiday dates back to the British tradition of honoring the sovereign's birthday, regardless of their actual birth date.
The practice of officially celebrating the monarch's birthday began with King George II in 1748. Since British monarchs often had birthdays in months with poor weather, they established an official birthday celebration in summer, separate from their actual birth date.
The holiday has been observed since the early 19th century, with colonial governors officially marking the day. The date has changed over time depending on the reigning monarch's actual birthday.
Queen Victoria (1819-1901): The holiday was widely observed in Australian colonies in honor of Queen Victoria.
King Edward VII (1901-1910): His birthday fell on November 9, but the public holiday remained in June.
King George V (1910-1936): Set the tradition of celebrating the monarch's birthday on a fixed date in June, which continued for most subsequent rulers.
King George VI (1936-1952) and Queen Elizabeth II (1952-2022): The holiday remained in June even though their birthdays were in December (George VI) and April (Elizabeth II).
King Charles III (2022 – present): His actual birthday is November 14, but Australia continues to celebrate the holiday in June.
The holiday now remains a public holiday in most states and territories in June.

What Do People Do on This Day?
The King's Birthday in Australia is a public holiday in most states and territories, giving many Australians a day off to relax and take part in various celebrations.
The Australian Government releases the King's Birthday Honours List, recognizing individuals who have made significant contributions in areas such as community service, business, sports, and the arts. Some cities hold ceremonial events, including military parades, gun salutes, and flag-raising ceremonies to honor the monarchy.
Major sporting events are held on this long weekend, especially in Victoria and New South Wales. Some areas host fireworks displays and community fairs, although they are less common than on other public holidays.
Since the holiday falls in June (winter in Australia), many people take advantage of the long weekend to go on short trips or have family gatherings.
More about King Charles III
King Charles III is the King of the United Kingdom and 14 other Commonwealth realms, including Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. He is the longest-serving heir apparent in British history, having waited 70 years to ascend to the throne after the reign of his mother, Queen Elizabeth II.
He was born on November 14, 1948 in London, England, and his reign began on September 8, 2022 following the passing of Queen Elizabeth II. His Coronation was held on May 6, 2023.
As King, Charles III remains Australia's Head of State under the constitutional monarchy system.
In his first marriage (1981-1996), he married Princess Diana, with whom he had Prince William and Prince Harry. In his second marriage (2005-present), he married Camilla Parker Bowles, now Queen Camilla.
King Charles III has modernized the monarchy, emphasizing climate action and charity work. His reign is expected to focus on environmental policies, and continuity of tradition while addressing calls for change in Commonwealth nations.

Frances Xavier Cabrini Day
2025-10-06
Frances Xavier Cabrini Day is a state holiday in Colorado, established to honor the life and legacy of Saint Frances Xavier Cabrini, the first U.S. citizen to be canonized by the Catholic Church.
Table of Contents

When is Frances Xavier Cabrini Day?
The History of Frances Xavier Cabrini Day?
What Do People Do on This Day?
Who is Frances Xavier Cabrini

When is Frances Xavier Cabrini Day?
Frances Xavier Cabrini Day is observed annually on the first Monday of October. It is recognized in Colorado as a state holiday to honor Saint Frances Xavier Cabrini for her contributions to immigrant communities
The following is the list of Frances Xavier Cabrini Day.

HolidayDateWeekday

Frances Xavier Cabrini DayOctober 05, 2020Monday

Frances Xavier Cabrini DayOctober 04, 2021Monday

Frances Xavier Cabrini DayOctober 03, 2022Monday

Frances Xavier Cabrini DayOctober 02, 2023Monday

Frances Xavier Cabrini DayOctober 07, 2024Monday

Frances Xavier Cabrini DayOctober 06, 2025Monday

Frances Xavier Cabrini DayOctober 05, 2026Monday

Frances Xavier Cabrini DayOctober 04, 2027Monday

Frances Xavier Cabrini DayOctober 02, 2028Monday

Frances Xavier Cabrini DayOctober 01, 2029Monday

Frances Xavier Cabrini DayOctober 07, 2030Monday

Frances Xavier Cabrini DayOctober 06, 2031Monday

Frances Xavier Cabrini DayOctober 04, 2032Monday

Frances Xavier Cabrini DayOctober 03, 2033Monday

Frances Xavier Cabrini DayOctober 02, 2034Monday

Frances Xavier Cabrini DayOctober 01, 2035Monday

Frances Xavier Cabrini DayOctober 06, 2036Monday

Frances Xavier Cabrini DayOctober 05, 2037Monday

Frances Xavier Cabrini DayOctober 04, 2038Monday

Frances Xavier Cabrini DayOctober 03, 2039Monday

Frances Xavier Cabrini DayOctober 01, 2040Monday

Frances Xavier Cabrini DayOctober 07, 2041Monday

Frances Xavier Cabrini DayOctober 06, 2042Monday

Frances Xavier Cabrini DayOctober 05, 2043Monday

Frances Xavier Cabrini DayOctober 03, 2044Monday

Frances Xavier Cabrini DayOctober 02, 2045Monday

Frances Xavier Cabrini DayOctober 01, 2046Monday

Frances Xavier Cabrini DayOctober 07, 2047Monday

Frances Xavier Cabrini DayOctober 05, 2048Monday

Frances Xavier Cabrini DayOctober 04, 2049Monday

Frances Xavier Cabrini DayOctober 04, 2050Tuesday

The History of Frances Xavier Cabrini Day?
The history of Frances Xavier Cabrini Day reflects a modern shift in cultural recognition, celebrating a historical figure whose work emphasized compassion, social justice, and community service.
Frances Xavier Cabrini (1850–1917) was an Italian-American Catholic nun and the first U.S. citizen to be canonized as a saint. Her life's work focused on improving the lives of immigrant communities, particularly Italian immigrants, through education, healthcare, and social services.
For decades, Columbus Day was observed as a holiday across the United States. However, it faced growing criticism due to Christopher Columbus's controversial legacy, including his role in the mistreatment of Indigenous peoples.
In Colorado, Columbus Day celebration started in 1907, but discussions emerged about replacing the holiday with one that better reflected the values of inclusion and service.
In 2020, Colorado lawmakers passed legislation replacing Columbus Day with Frances Xavier Cabrini Day. The decision was influenced by Cabrini's historical connection to Colorado and her enduring legacy of helping immigrant communities.
The first Frances Xavier Cabrini Day was celebrated on October 5, 2020. This made Colorado the first state in the U.S. to formally establish a holiday in Cabrini's honor.

What Do People Do on This Day?
On Frances Xavier Cabrini Day, people engage in various activities that reflect Cabrini's values of compassion, community service, and support for marginalized groups.
Visitors often visit the shrine located near Golden, Colorado, which is a significant pilgrimage site dedicated to Frances Xavier Cabrini's work. People believe the water from the spring at the shrine has miraculous properties.
Schools and churches often organize events to educate people about Cabrini's life and work.
Many Catholic communities hold special Masses or prayer services in honor of Saint Cabrini. These services often highlight her faith and missionary spirit, emphasizing her canonization as the first U.S. citizen saint.
Families and communities may gather for meals or informal events to celebrate Cabrini's legacy. Sharing stories about her life and her impact on Colorado can be a way to connect her work with current values.
As it is a state holiday in Colorado, people may also use the day to support local businesses or engage in leisurely activities with family and friends.
Who is Frances Xavier Cabrini?
Frances Xavier Cabrini (1850–1917), also known as Mother Cabrini, was an Italian-American Catholic nun and the first U.S. citizen to be canonized as a saint.
Frances was born on July 15, 1850, in Sant'Angelo Lodigiano, Italy, and she was the youngest of 13 children in a devout Catholic family. She was frail and often ill as a child but exhibited a strong will and a deep sense of faith.
Frances founded the Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus in 1880, with the goal of serving the poor and marginalized, and became known for her exceptional organizational and leadership skills.
At the request of Pope Leo XIII, Frances redirected her mission to the United States in 1889 to aid the growing population of Italian immigrants. She faced immense difficulties, including language barriers, prejudice, and inadequate funding, but remained resolute.
Frances worked tirelessly to improve the lives of Italian immigrants, addressing their educational, healthcare, and spiritual needs. Frances established over 67 institutions, including schools, orphanages, and hospitals across the United States, Europe, and Latin America.
During visits to Colorado, Frances supported Italian immigrants working in mines and railroads. She founded the Queen of Heaven Orphanage in Denver. The Mother Cabrini Shrine near Golden, Colorado, honors her work in the region.
Frances passed away on December 22, 1917, in Chicago, Illinois. In 1938, Pope Pius XI beatified her, recognizing her miraculous healing of a terminally ill nun. In 1946, Pope Pius XII canonized Frances, making her the first U.S. citizen to achieve sainthood. Her feast day is celebrated on November 13, commemorating her dedication to the poor and immigrant communities.

Mid-Autumn Festival
2025-10-06
The Mid-Autumn Festival (中秋节) is one of the most significant traditional Chinese festivals. The festival is marked by family reunions and enjoying mooncakes. It symbolizes thanksgiving and harvest celebration.
Table of Contents

When is the Mid-Autumn Festival?
The History of the Mid-Autumn Festival
What Do People Do on This Day?
The Legend of Chang'e

When is the Mid-Autumn Festival?
The Mid-Autumn Festival (中秋节) falls on the 15th day of the 8th month of the Chinese lunar calendar, which typically corresponds to a date in September or early October on the Gregorian calendar.
The following is the list of the Mid-Autumn Festival from 2020 to 2049.

HolidayDateWeekday

Mid-Autumn FestivalOct 01, 2020Thursday

Mid-Autumn FestivalSep 21, 2021Tuesday

Mid-Autumn FestivalSep 10, 2022Saturday

Mid-Autumn FestivalSep 29, 2023Friday

Mid-Autumn FestivalSep 17, 2024Tuesday

Mid-Autumn FestivalOct 06, 2025Monday

Mid-Autumn FestivalSep 25, 2026Friday

Mid-Autumn FestivalSep 15, 2027Wednesday

Mid-Autumn FestivalOct 03, 2028Tuesday

Mid-Autumn FestivalSep 22, 2029Saturday

Mid-Autumn FestivalSep 12, 2030Thursday

Mid-Autumn FestivalOct 01, 2031Wednesday

Mid-Autumn FestivalSep 19, 2032Sunday

Mid-Autumn FestivalSep 08, 2033Thursday

Mid-Autumn FestivalSep 27, 2034Wednesday

Mid-Autumn FestivalSep 16, 2035Sunday

Mid-Autumn FestivalOct 04, 2036Saturday

Mid-Autumn FestivalSep 24, 2037Thursday

Mid-Autumn FestivalSep 13, 2038Monday

Mid-Autumn FestivalOct 02, 2039Sunday

Mid-Autumn FestivalSep 20, 2040Thursday

Mid-Autumn FestivalSep 10, 2041Tuesday

Mid-Autumn FestivalSep 28, 2042 Sunday

Mid-Autumn FestivalSep 17, 2043Thursday

Mid-Autumn FestivalOct 05, 2044Wednesday

Mid-Autumn FestivalSep 25, 2045Monday

Mid-Autumn FestivalSep 15, 2046Saturday

Mid-Autumn FestivalOct 04, 2047Friday

Mid-Autumn FestivalSep 22, 2048Tuesday

Mid-Autumn FestivalSep 11, 2049Saturday

The History of the Mid-Autumn Festival
The Mid-Autumn Festival, also known as the Moon Festival (中秋节), is one of the most significant traditional festivals in China and many other East Asian cultures.
The Mid-Autumn Festival has a history spanning over 3,000 years, with roots in ancient Chinese traditions and myths.
The festival's origins can be traced back to the Shang Dynasty, where people worshipped the moon as part of their religious beliefs. The moon was believed to have a mystical influence on agriculture and harvests.
The practice of moon worship became more structured, with rituals conducted by emperors and farmers to give thanks for good harvests in the Zhou Dynasty (1046–256 BCE). The concept of the moon as a deity emerged, leading to ceremonies dedicated to the Moon Goddess.
The Mid-Autumn Festival gained widespread popularity during the Tang Dynasty, an era known for its cultural and artistic achievements.
The Mid-Autumn Festival was officially recognized as a national celebration. Mooncakes became a popular food, symbolizing reunion and prosperity. Lantern displays and community gatherings became part of the festivities.
The festival continued to evolve during the Ming and Qing Dynasties (1368–1912 CE), incorporating lantern displays and dragon dances.
Today, the Mid-Autumn Festival is a public holiday in China, and it is also widely celebrated among Chinese communities worldwide.

What Do People Do on This Day?
On the Mid-Autumn Festival, people participate in various traditional and modern activities that revolve around family reunions and cultural festivities.
The full moon symbolizes wholeness and unity making moon-gazing a central tradition. Families and friends gather outdoors to watch the moon rise.
Mooncakes (月饼) are round pastries symbolizing family reunion and completeness. Families exchange and share mooncakes as gifts.
Lanterns are a key symbol of the festival, representing hope and good fortune. People light colorful lanterns and carry them while walking around parks or along rivers.
Many people set up altars with offerings of fruits, incense, and mooncakes to honor the Moon Goddess Chang'e. This tradition is more common among older generations and in rural areas.
In some regions, especially in southern China and Vietnam, people enjoy lion and dragon dances.
The Legend of Chang'e
The legend of Chang'e, the Moon Goddess is one of the most famous stories associated with the Mid-Autumn Festival. It tells the tale of love and immortality, explaining why people worship the moon during the festival.
In ancient times, ten suns appeared in the sky, scorching the land and causing great suffering. The world was in chaos, and crops withered under the extreme heat.
Hou Yi was a mighty archer and skilled warrior. He climbed to the top of Kunlun Mountain and shot down nine of the ten suns with his bow, leaving only one sun to light the world. His heroic act saved the people, and he became a beloved hero.
As a reward for his bravery, the Queen Mother of the West (西王母) gifted him a divine elixir. Whoever drank it would ascend to the heavens and become immortal.
Hou Yi did not want to leave his beloved wife, Chang'e (嫦娥), so he chose not to drink the elixir. Instead, he hid it in their home. But fate had other plans…
One day, while Hou Yi was away, his jealous apprentice, Feng Meng (逢蒙), tried to steal the elixir. To prevent the elixir from falling into the wrong hands, Chang'e quickly drank it.
The elixir made Chang'e light as a feather, and she began to float toward the heavens. She drifted higher and higher, eventually landing on the moon, where she became the Moon Goddess.
When Hou Yi returned and learned what had happened, he was heartbroken. He placed offerings of Chang'e's favorite foods, including mooncakes, under the full moon, hoping she could see them.
When Chang'e arrived on the moon, she was not alone. She found a kind rabbit who was already living there. This rabbit, known as the Jade Rabbit (玉兔), became her companion. The Jade Rabbit is said to pound herbs in a mortar, trying to make a potion that will reunite Chang'e and Hou Yi.

Republic Day (Portugal)
2025-10-05
Republic Day in Portugal marks the establishment of the Portuguese Republic in 1910, ending over seven centuries of monarchy. The day commemorates the revolution that began in Lisbon and ushered in a new era of democracy, secularism and modern governance. Republic Day honors Portugal's transition to a republican state and the enduring values of freedom, equality and civic participation.
When is Republic Day?
Republic Day in Portugal is celebrated on October 5 every year.
The following is the list of Republic Day from 2020 to 2049.

HolidayDateWeekday

Republic DayOct 05, 2020Monday

Republic DayOct 05, 2021Tuesday

Republic DayOct 05, 2022Wednesday

Republic DayOct 05, 2023Thursday

Republic DayOct 05, 2024Saturday

Republic DayOct 05, 2025Sunday

Republic DayOct 05, 2026Monday

Republic DayOct 05, 2027Tuesday

Republic DayOct 05, 2028Thursday

Republic DayOct 05, 2029Friday

Republic DayOct 05, 2030Saturday

Republic DayOct 05, 2031Sunday

Republic DayOct 05, 2032Tuesday

Republic DayOct 05, 2033Wednesday

Republic DayOct 05, 2034Thursday

Republic DayOct 05, 2035Friday

Republic DayOct 05, 2036Sunday

Republic DayOct 05, 2037Monday

Republic DayOct 05, 2038Tuesday

Republic DayOct 05, 2039Wednesday

Republic DayOct 05, 2040Friday

Republic DayOct 05, 2041Saturday

Republic DayOct 05, 2042Sunday

Republic DayOct 05, 2043Monday

Republic DayOct 05, 2044Wednesday

Republic DayOct 05, 2045Thursday

Republic DayOct 05, 2046Friday

Republic DayOct 05, 2047Saturday

Republic DayOct 05, 2048Monday

Republic DayOct 05, 2049Tuesday

The History of Republic Day?
For centuries, Portugal was ruled by a monarchy, beginning with the founding of the kingdom in 1139. By the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the monarchy faced growing political instability, economic hardship, and public dissatisfaction.
The royal government was criticized for corruption, colonial failures, and its alliance with the Catholic Church. Meanwhile, republican and progressive movements were gaining strength, advocating for democracy, secularism and modernization.
On October 4, 1910, republican activists, supported by parts of the Portuguese army and navy, launched an uprising in Lisbon against King Manuel II. By the morning of October 5, the revolution had succeeded: the monarchy was overthrown, and Portugal was declared a republic. King Manuel II fled to exile in England, marking the end of the House of Braganza's rule and seven centuries of Portuguese monarchy.
The Provisional Government took power on October 5, 1910, and officially proclaimed the Portuguese Republic. However, the First Republic faced internal divisions, economic instability, and frequent changes in government. This unrest eventually led to the military coup of 1926, which paved the way for the Estado Novo dictatorship under António de Oliveira Salazar.
Under Salazar's Estado Novo regime, Republic Day was celebrated but stripped of its democratic meaning. The Carnation Revolution on April 25, 1974, ended the dictatorship and restored democracy.
Republic Day regained its true significance as a celebration of freedom, civic values and republican ideals. It became a day to remember the courage of those who fought for democracy and to honor Portugal's republican identity.

Sabah Governor's Birthday
2025-10-04
The Sabah Governor's Birthday, also known as Hari Keputeraan Yang di-Pertua Negeri Sabah, is an important annual public holiday celebrated in the Malaysian state of Sabah. It honors the Yang di-Pertua Negeri, the ceremonial head of the state, recognizing the Governor's role in upholding unity, traditions, and governance in Sabah.
Table of Contents

When is the Sabah Governor's Birthday?
The History of the Sabah Governor's Birthday?
What Do People Do on This Day?
The History of Sabah

When is the Sabah Governor's Birthday?
The Sabah Governor's Birthday is celebreated on the first Saturday in October each year.
The following is the list of the Sabah Governor's Birthday from 2020 to 2049.

HolidayDateWeekday

Sabah Governor's BirthdayOctober 03, 2020Saturday

Sabah Governor's BirthdayOctober 02, 2021Saturday

Sabah Governor's BirthdayOctober 01, 2022Saturday

Sabah Governor's BirthdayOctober 07, 2023Saturday

Sabah Governor's BirthdayOctober 05, 2024Saturday

Sabah Governor's BirthdayOctober 04, 2025Saturday

Sabah Governor's BirthdayOctober 03, 2026Saturday

Sabah Governor's BirthdayOctober 02, 2027Saturday

Sabah Governor's BirthdayOctober 07, 2028Saturday

Sabah Governor's BirthdayOctober 06, 2029Saturday

Sabah Governor's BirthdayOctober 05, 2030Saturday

Sabah Governor's BirthdayOctober 04, 2031Saturday

Sabah Governor's BirthdayOctober 02, 2032Saturday

Sabah Governor's BirthdayOctober 01, 2033Saturday

Sabah Governor's BirthdayOctober 07, 2034Saturday

Sabah Governor's BirthdayOctober 06, 2035Saturday

Sabah Governor's BirthdayOctober 04, 2036Saturday

Sabah Governor's BirthdayOctober 03, 2037Saturday

Sabah Governor's BirthdayOctober 02, 2038Saturday

Sabah Governor's BirthdayOctober 01, 2039Saturday

Sabah Governor's BirthdayOctober 06, 2040Saturday

Sabah Governor's BirthdayOctober 05, 2041Saturday

Sabah Governor's BirthdayOctober 04, 2042Saturday

Sabah Governor's BirthdayOctober 03, 2043Saturday

Sabah Governor's BirthdayOctober 01, 2044Saturday

Sabah Governor's BirthdayOctober 07, 2045Saturday

Sabah Governor's BirthdayOctober 06, 2046Saturday

Sabah Governor's BirthdayOctober 05, 2047Saturday

Sabah Governor's BirthdayOctober 03, 2048Saturday

Sabah Governor's BirthdayOctober 02, 2049Saturday

The History of the Sabah Governor's Birthday
The position of Yang di-Pertua Negeri (Governor) was established following Sabah's entry into the Federation of Malaysia in 1963. Unlike states with traditional Malay rulers (sultans), Sabah, as a non-monarchical state, has a Governor appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King of Malaysia).
The Governor serves as the ceremonial head of state, representing the unity of Sabah and ensuring its governance aligns with Malaysia's federal structure.
The Governor's role has evolved to symbolize unity and harmony among Sabah's diverse ethnic and religious communities.
The Governor's Birthday became an official holiday to celebrate the contributions of the Governor and highlight the importance of the office.
After Malaysia's independence, the celebration gained more prominence, incorporating cultural and public activities to engage the people of Sabah. It became a public holiday to allow residents to participate in the festivities and honor the Governor's leadership.
Today, The Sabah Governor's Birthday has become more than a celebration of an individual's leadership. It is a symbol of Sabah's unique heritage and contributions to Malaysia as a whole.

What Do People Do on This Day?
On the Sabah Governor's Birthday, residents of Sabah participate in various formal ceremonies, cultural events, and community activities to honor the Yang di-Pertua Negeri and celebrate Sabah's unique heritage and progress.
The central event is held at Istana Negeri, the Governor's official residence in Kota Kinabalu, and the event includes the guard of honor parade, the speech by the Governor, and the award presentations.
Special prayers are held in mosques across Sabah, praying for the Governor's health, the state's prosperity, and harmony among its diverse communities.
Streets, public buildings and event venues are adorned with Sabah state flags and celebratory banners.
Traditional dances and music of Sabah's indigenous dances are highlights of the day, reflecting the state's rich cultural heritage.
Residents come together for communal meals, public talks and charity events to celebrate the occasion.
Families use the public holiday to visit local attractions or attend community-organized celebrations.
The History of Sabah
The history of Sabah is shaped by its strategic location in northern Borneo, its multicultural heritage, and its integration into the Federation of Malaysia. Its story spans prehistoric human settlement, maritime trade, colonial rule, and eventual independence.
Archaeological evidence shows that Sabah has been inhabited for tens of thousands of years.
Indigenous groups have lived in Sabah for centuries, developing unique cultures, languages and traditions. These communities were primarily agrarian and seafaring, with rice farming and fishing as economic staples.
Sabah's location made it part of regional trade networks involving China, India, and the Malay Archipelago.
In the 16th century, the Spanish and Dutch sought to control trade in the region, but their influence in Sabah was limited compared to Brunei.
The British North Borneo Chartered Company (BNBCC) acquired rights to Sabah in the 1880s after agreements with the Sultanate of Sulu.
During World War II, Japan occupied Sabah, bringing hardship to its people, including forced labor and economic exploitation.
After the war, Sabah became a British Crown Colony in 1946, marking the end of the British North Borneo Company's rule.
In the 1950s, discussions began about the potential unification of Malaya, Singapore, Sabah, and Sarawak into a single federation.
Sabah joined the Federation of Malaysia on September 16, 1963, alongside Sarawak, Malaya, and Singapore, and retained significant autonomy in areas such as immigration, language, and religion.
