BEGIN:VCALENDAR VERSION:2.0 PRODID:-//ExcelNotes - ECPv6.16.3//NONSGML v1.0//EN CALSCALE:GREGORIAN METHOD:PUBLISH X-ORIGINAL-URL:https://excelnotes.com X-WR-CALDESC:Events for ExcelNotes REFRESH-INTERVAL;VALUE=DURATION:PT1H X-Robots-Tag:noindex X-PUBLISHED-TTL:PT1H BEGIN:VTIMEZONE TZID:America/New_York BEGIN:DAYLIGHT TZOFFSETFROM:-0500 TZOFFSETTO:-0400 TZNAME:EDT DTSTART:20240310T070000 END:DAYLIGHT BEGIN:STANDARD TZOFFSETFROM:-0400 TZOFFSETTO:-0500 TZNAME:EST DTSTART:20241103T060000 END:STANDARD BEGIN:DAYLIGHT TZOFFSETFROM:-0500 TZOFFSETTO:-0400 TZNAME:EDT DTSTART:20250309T070000 END:DAYLIGHT BEGIN:STANDARD TZOFFSETFROM:-0400 TZOFFSETTO:-0500 TZNAME:EST DTSTART:20251102T060000 END:STANDARD BEGIN:DAYLIGHT TZOFFSETFROM:-0500 TZOFFSETTO:-0400 TZNAME:EDT DTSTART:20260308T070000 END:DAYLIGHT BEGIN:STANDARD TZOFFSETFROM:-0400 TZOFFSETTO:-0500 TZNAME:EST DTSTART:20261101T060000 END:STANDARD END:VTIMEZONE BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20250730 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20250731 DTSTAMP:20260624T124813 CREATED:20250420T033223Z LAST-MODIFIED:20250420T033519Z UID:10000268-1753833600-1753919999@excelnotes.com SUMMARY:Independence Day (Vanuatu) DESCRIPTION:Independence Day marks the country's independence from joint British and French colonial rule in 1980. Formerly known as the New Hebrides\, Vanuatu became a sovereign nation with Father Walter Lini as its first Prime Minister. \nWhen is Independence Day?\nIndependence Day is celebrated annually on July 30. \nThe following is the list of Independence Day from 2020 to 2049. \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n HolidayDateWeekday\n\n\n\n \n Independence DayJul 30\, 2020Thursday \n \n Independence DayJul 30\, 2021Friday \n \n Independence DayJul 30\, 2022Saturday \n \n Independence DayJul 30\, 2023Sunday \n \n Independence DayJul 30\, 2024Tuesday \n \n Independence DayJul 30\, 2025Wednesday \n \n Independence DayJul 30\, 2026Thursday \n \n Independence DayJul 30\, 2027Friday \n \n Independence DayJul 30\, 2028Sunday \n \n Independence DayJul 30\, 2029Monday \n \n Independence DayJul 30\, 2030Tuesday \n \n Independence DayJul 30\, 2031Wednesday \n \n Independence DayJul 30\, 2032Friday \n \n Independence DayJul 30\, 2033Saturday \n \n Independence DayJul 30\, 2034Sunday \n \n Independence DayJul 30\, 2035Monday \n \n Independence DayJul 30\, 2036Wednesday \n \n Independence DayJul 30\, 2037Thursday \n \n Independence DayJul 30\, 2038Friday \n \n Independence DayJul 30\, 2039Saturday \n \n Independence DayJul 30\, 2040Monday \n \n Independence DayJul 30\, 2041Tuesday \n \n Independence DayJul 30\, 2042Wednesday \n \n Independence DayJul 30\, 2043Thursday \n \n Independence DayJul 30\, 2044Saturday \n \n Independence DayJul 30\, 2045Sunday \n \n Independence DayJul 30\, 2046Monday \n \n Independence DayJul 30\, 2047Tuesday \n \n Independence DayJul 30\, 2048Thursday \n \n Independence DayJul 30\, 2049Friday \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\nThe History of Independence Day?\nThe islands that now make up Vanuatu were first explored by Europeans in the 17th century\, with Portuguese and Spanish navigators arriving in the 1600s. By the 19th century\, both Britain and France had established a presence in the region\, driven by trade\, missionary work\, and strategic interests. \nIn 1906\, the two colonial powers agreed to a unique arrangement called the Anglo-French Condominium\, under which both countries jointly governed the islands — an unusual and often confusing dual administration. \nThe dual rule led to administrative inefficiencies and tensions among the islanders. \nBy the 1960s and 70s\, a push for independence began gaining momentum. The emergence of nationalist political parties and leaders\, notably Walter Lini\, became central to the movement. \nPolitical unrest and clashes with colonial forces intensified in the late 1970s\, especially in places like Espiritu Santo. Eventually\, a peaceful transition was negotiated\, and on July 30\, 1980\, Vanuatu officially gained independence. \nFather Walter Lini\, a key figure in the independence struggle\, became Vanuatu's first Prime Minister. Since then\, July 30th has been a national holiday marked by pride\, unity\, and cultural celebration. URL:https://excelnotes.com/holiday/independence-day-vanuatu/ CATEGORIES:Political Holiday ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://excelnotes.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Independence-Day-Vanuatu.jpg END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20250729 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20250730 DTSTAMP:20260624T124814 CREATED:20250418T183952Z LAST-MODIFIED:20250418T183952Z UID:10000252-1753747200-1753833599@excelnotes.com SUMMARY:Territory Day - Wallis and Futuna DESCRIPTION:Territory Day in Wallis and Futuna commemorates the day in 1961 when Wallis and Futuna officially became an overseas territory of France\, establishing its current political status within the French Republic. \nWhen is Territory Day?\nTerritory Day in Wallis and Futuna is celebrated annually on July 29. \nThe following is the list of Territory Day from 2020 to 2049. \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n HolidayDateWeekday\n\n\n\n \n Territory DayJul 29\, 2020Wednesday \n \n Territory DayJul 29\, 2021Thursday \n \n Territory DayJul 29\, 2022Friday \n \n Territory DayJul 29\, 2023Saturday \n \n Territory DayJul 29\, 2024Monday \n \n Territory DayJul 29\, 2025Tuesday \n \n Territory DayJul 29\, 2026Wednesday \n \n Territory DayJul 29\, 2027Thursday \n \n Territory DayJul 29\, 2028Saturday \n \n Territory DayJul 29\, 2029Sunday \n \n Territory DayJul 29\, 2030Monday \n \n Territory DayJul 29\, 2031Tuesday \n \n Territory DayJul 29\, 2032Thursday \n \n Territory DayJul 29\, 2033Friday \n \n Territory DayJul 29\, 2034Saturday \n \n Territory DayJul 29\, 2035Sunday \n \n Territory DayJul 29\, 2036Tuesday \n \n Territory DayJul 29\, 2037Wednesday \n \n Territory DayJul 29\, 2038Thursday \n \n Territory DayJul 29\, 2039Friday \n \n Territory DayJul 29\, 2040Sunday \n \n Territory DayJul 29\, 2041Monday \n \n Territory DayJul 29\, 2042Tuesday \n \n Territory DayJul 29\, 2043Wednesday \n \n Territory DayJul 29\, 2044Friday \n \n Territory DayJul 29\, 2045Saturday \n \n Territory DayJul 29\, 2046Sunday \n \n Territory DayJul 29\, 2047Monday \n \n Territory DayJul 29\, 2048Wednesday \n \n Territory DayJul 29\, 2049Thursday \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\nThe History of Territory Day?\nWallis and Futuna is a small group of Polynesian islands in the South Pacific Ocean\, composed of Wallis Island (Uvea) and Futuna Island which includes the traditional kingdoms of Sigave and Alo \nThe islands are culturally Polynesian but politically part of France. \nCatholic Marist missionaries arrived in the early 19th century\, most notably St. Pierre Chanel\, who was martyred on Futuna in 1841. \nThe islands soon became French protectorates. While France provided military and external protection\, traditional monarchies retained local control under French oversight. \nThroughout the 20th century\, residents of Wallis and Futuna desired greater integration with Franc\, and wanted access to French citizenship\, education\, healthcare\, and infrastructure. \nAfter petitions and negotiations\, France passed legislation to change the islands' political status. \nOn July 29\, 1961\, Wallis and Futuna officially became a French overseas territory. Key outcomes included: \n– All residents received French citizenship;\n– French institutions and administrative structures were established;\n– Traditional kings and chiefs retained authority under a unique system blending customary rule and republican governance. \nIn 2003\, the territory transitioned into a French overseas collectivity. Territory Day is a national celebration of the islands' identity as part of France\, with strong cultural pride. URL:https://excelnotes.com/holiday/territory-day-wallis-and-futuna/ CATEGORIES:Political Holiday ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://excelnotes.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Territory-Day-Wallis-and-Futuna.jpg END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20250708 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20250709 DTSTAMP:20260624T124814 CREATED:20250418T010612Z LAST-MODIFIED:20250418T184214Z UID:10000243-1751932800-1752019199@excelnotes.com SUMMARY:Unity Day Zambia DESCRIPTION:Unity Day in Zambia is a national public holiday immediately following Heroes' Day. The holiday promotes national unity and peace\, reinforcing the idea of Zambia as "One Zambia\, One Nation". \nWhen is Unity Day?\nUnity Day in Zambia is a holiday observed on the first Tuesday of July each year. \nThe following is the list of Unity Day from 2020 to 2049. \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n HolidayDateWeekday\n\n\n\n \n Unity DayJul 06\, 2020Tuesday \n \n Unity DayJul 06\, 2021Tuesday \n \n Unity DayJul 05\, 2022Tuesday \n \n Unity DayJul 04\, 2023Tuesday \n \n Unity DayJul 02\, 2024Tuesday \n \n Unity DayJul 08\, 2025Tuesday \n \n Unity DayJul 07\, 2026Tuesday \n \n Unity DayJul 06\, 2027Tuesday \n \n Unity DayJul 04\, 2028Tuesday \n \n Unity DayJul 03\, 2029Tuesday \n \n Unity DayJul 02\, 2030Tuesday \n \n Unity DayJul 08\, 2031Tuesday \n \n Unity DayJul 06\, 2032Tuesday \n \n Unity DayJul 05\, 2033Tuesday \n \n Unity DayJul 04\, 2034Tuesday \n \n Unity DayJul 03\, 2035Tuesday \n \n Unity DayJul 01\, 2036Tuesday \n \n Unity DayJul 07\, 2037Tuesday \n \n Unity DayJul 06\, 2038Tuesday \n \n Unity DayJul 05\, 2039Tuesday \n \n Unity DayJul 03\, 2040Tuesday \n \n Unity DayJul 02\, 2041Tuesday \n \n Unity DayJul 01\, 2042Tuesday \n \n Unity DayJul 07\, 2043Tuesday \n \n Unity DayJul 05\, 2044Tuesday \n \n Unity DayJul 04\, 2045Tuesday \n \n Unity DayJul 03\, 2046Tuesday \n \n Unity DayJul 02\, 2047Tuesday \n \n Unity DayJul 07\, 2048Tuesday \n \n Unity DayJul 06\, 2049Tuesday \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\nThe History of Unity Day?\nUnity Day is a national holiday reinforcing the vision of "One Zambia\, One Nation" first championed by the country's founding president\, Dr. Kenneth Kaunda. \nAfter gaining independence from British rule in 1964\, Zambia faced the complex task of uniting more than 70 ethnic groups under one national identity. \nDr. Kaunda\, Zambia's first president\, understood that tribalism and regionalism could threaten the young nation's stability. To promote harmony and inclusiveness\, he introduced the powerful slogan: "One Zambia\, One Nation". \nUnity Day was officially introduced shortly after independence as a way to: \n– Foster a spirit of national identity;\n– Promote tolerance and cooperation among different communities;\n– Prevent the growth of tribal politics and social fragmentation. \nNowadays\, Unity Day continues to be especially relevant as Zambia faces contemporary challenges. The day is used to encourage youth to embrace unity\, celebrate Zambia's peaceful history\, and contribute to an inclusive future. URL:https://excelnotes.com/holiday/unity-day-zambia/ CATEGORIES:Political Holiday ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://excelnotes.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Unity-Day-Zambia.jpg END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20250704 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20250705 DTSTAMP:20260624T124814 CREATED:20241213T054038Z LAST-MODIFIED:20241228T064848Z UID:10000048-1751587200-1751673599@excelnotes.com SUMMARY:Independence Day USA DESCRIPTION:Independence Day in the United States\, also known as the Fourth of July\, is a federal holiday commemorating the adoption of the Declaration of Independence on July 4\, 1776. On this day\, the thirteen American colonies declared themselves independent from the British Empire. It's a day of significant historical importance and is celebrated with various activities across the country. \nTable of Contents\n\nWhen is Independence Day?\nThe History of Independence Day?\nWhat Do People Do on This Day?\nWhat is the Declaration of Independence?\n\nWhen is Independence Day?\nIndependence Day in the United States is celebrated on July 4th each year. The following is the list of Independence Day in the United States. \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n HolidayDateWeekday\n\n\n\n \n Independence DayJuly 4\, 2020Saturday \n \n Independence DayJuly 4\, 2021Sunday \n \n Independence DayJuly 4\, 2022Monday \n \n Independence DayJuly 4\, 2023Tuesday \n \n Independence DayJuly 4\, 2024Thursday \n \n Independence DayJuly 4\, 2025Friday \n \n Independence DayJuly 4\, 2026Saturday \n \n Independence DayJuly 4\, 2027Sunday \n \n Independence DayJuly 4\, 2028Tuesday \n \n Independence DayJuly 4\, 2029Wednesday \n \n Independence DayJuly 4\, 2030Thursday \n \n Independence DayJuly 4\, 2031Friday \n \n Independence DayJuly 4\, 2032Sunday \n \n Independence DayJuly 4\, 2033Monday \n \n Independence DayJuly 4\, 2034Tuesday \n \n Independence DayJuly 4\, 2035Wednesday \n \n Independence DayJuly 4\, 2036Friday \n \n Independence DayJuly 4\, 2037Saturday \n \n Independence DayJuly 4\, 2038Sunday \n \n Independence DayJuly 4\, 2039Monday \n \n Independence DayJuly 4\, 2040Wednesday \n \n Independence DayJuly 4\, 2041Thursday \n \n Independence DayJuly 4\, 2042Friday \n \n Independence DayJuly 4\, 2043Saturday \n \n Independence DayJuly 4\, 2044Monday \n \n Independence DayJuly 4\, 2045Tuesday \n \n Independence DayJuly 4\, 2046Wednesday \n \n Independence DayJuly 4\, 2047Thursday \n \n Independence DayJuly 4\, 2048Saturday \n \n Independence DayJuly 4\, 2049Sunday \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\nThe History of Independence Day?\nIndependence Day in the United States is a federal holiday commemorating the Declaration of Independence of the United States\, which was adopted on July 4\, 1776. \n– Prior to 1776\, the American colonies were part of the British Empire. Growing dissatisfaction with British rule\, particularly over taxation without representation\, led to increasing unrest. \n– In 1774\, delegates from 12 of the 13 colonies (excluding Georgia) met in Philadelphia to discuss their grievances and coordinate resistance against British policies. \n– Open conflict began in April 1775 with the battles of Lexington and Concord. The war would continue until 1783. \n– In June 1776\, the Continental Congress appointed a committee to draft a statement declaring the colonies' independence. Thomas Jefferson was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence. \n– On July 4\, 1776\, the Continental Congress formally adopted the Declaration of Independence\, although the final signature would not be affixed until later. \n– The first anniversary of the Declaration of Independence in 1777 was celebrated with parades\, speeches\, and fireworks\, setting a tradition that continues to this day. \n– In 1870\, Independence Day became a federal holiday\, further solidifying its importance as a national day of celebration. \nThe declaration and the successful fight for independence inspired other countries and colonies around the world in their own struggles for independence and self-governance. \n \nWhat Do People Do on This Day?\nOn Independence Day in the United States\, people engage in a variety of activities to celebrate the nation's history and culture. Here are five common ways to celebrate: \nMany people display the American flag at their homes and businesses as a sign of patriotism. Wearing clothing with the flag's colors (red\, white\, and blue) is also common. \nOne of the most iconic traditions is watching fireworks. Cities and towns across the country host large fireworks shows\, often accompanied by patriotic music. \nMany communities organize Fourth of July parades\, featuring marching bands\, floats\, military units\, and local organizations. These parades are festive\, colorful events that attract large crowds. \nMuseums\, historical sites\, and parks may host special events or exhibitions related to American history\, culture\, and the significance of Independence Day. Independence Day is also a time for family reunions. Many families take advantage of the holiday to gather and spend time together. \nIndependence Day is a time of festivity and pride for Americans. It serves as a reminder of the country's history\, struggles for freedom\, and the values that underpin its national identity. \nWhat is the Declaration of Independence?\nThe Declaration of Independence is a seminal document in United States history\, adopted on July 4\, 1776. It announced the colonies' separation from Great Britain and explained the reasons for this decision. \nThe preamble sets the stage\, explaining why the colonies felt compelled to declare independence and establish themselves as a separate nation. It articulates a set of Enlightenment ideals\, asserting that all men are created equal and endowed with certain unalienable rights\, including life\, liberty\, and the pursuit of happiness. \nA significant portion of the text lists the colonies' grievances against King George III\, detailing the ways in which he violated their rights and failed to adhere to the principles of good governance. After listing the grievances\, the document asserts that the colonies have the right to be free and independent states\, absolved from all allegiance to the British Crown. \nThe Declaration was signed by 56 delegates to the Continental Congress\, representing the 13 colonies. The Declaration of Independence is considered a foundational text in American political philosophy and democracy. \nThe Declaration of Independence is not only a historical document marking the birth of a new nation but also a powerful statement of democratic ideals that continue to influence and inspire. URL:https://excelnotes.com/holiday/independence-day-usa/ CATEGORIES:Political Holiday ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://excelnotes.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Independence-Day-USA.jpg END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20250619 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20250620 DTSTAMP:20260624T124814 CREATED:20241212T071202Z LAST-MODIFIED:20241222T033626Z UID:10000047-1750291200-1750377599@excelnotes.com SUMMARY:Juneteenth DESCRIPTION:Juneteenth\, celebrated on June 19th\, holds a particularly significant place in United States history and African American culture. This date marks the anniversary of June 19\, 1865\, when Major General Gordon Granger arrived in Galveston\, Texas\, and announced the end of the Civil War and the emancipation of enslaved African Americans in the state\, more than two years after the Emancipation Proclamation was issued by President Abraham Lincoln on January 1\, 1863. \nTable of Contents\n\nWhen is Juneteenth?\nThe History of Juneteenth?\nWhat Do People Do on This Day?\nWho was General Gordon Granger?\n\nWhen is Juneteenth?\nJuneteenth is a federal public holiday in the United States and it is celebrated on June 19th each year. The following is the list of Juneteenth in the United States. \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n HolidayDateWeekday\n\n\n\n \n JuneteenthJune 19\, 2021Saturday \n \n JuneteenthJune 19\, 2022Sunday \n \n JuneteenthJune 19\, 2023Monday \n \n JuneteenthJune 19\, 2024Wednesday \n \n JuneteenthJune 19\, 2025Thursday \n \n JuneteenthJune 19\, 2026Friday \n \n JuneteenthJune 19\, 2027Saturday \n \n JuneteenthJune 19\, 2028Monday \n \n JuneteenthJune 19\, 2029Tuesday \n \n JuneteenthJune 19\, 2030Wednesday \n \n JuneteenthJune 19\, 2031Thursday \n \n JuneteenthJune 19\, 2032Saturday \n \n JuneteenthJune 19\, 2033Sunday \n \n JuneteenthJune 19\, 2034Monday \n \n JuneteenthJune 19\, 2035Tuesday \n \n JuneteenthJune 19\, 2036Thursday \n \n JuneteenthJune 19\, 2037Friday \n \n JuneteenthJune 19\, 2038Saturday \n \n JuneteenthJune 19\, 2039Sunday \n \n JuneteenthJune 19\, 2040Tuesday \n \n JuneteenthJune 19\, 2041Wednesday \n \n JuneteenthJune 19\, 2042Thursday \n \n JuneteenthJune 19\, 2043Friday \n \n JuneteenthJune 19\, 2044Sunday \n \n JuneteenthJune 19\, 2045Monday \n \n JuneteenthJune 19\, 2046Tuesday \n \n JuneteenthJune 19\, 2047Wednesday \n \n JuneteenthJune 19\, 2048Friday \n \n JuneteenthJune 19\, 2049Saturday \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\nThe History of Juneteenth?\nOn January 1\, 1863\, during the American Civil War\, President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation\, declaring all enslaved people in Confederate-held territory free. However\, this did not immediately free all slaves\, especially in remote areas like Texas. \nUnion Major General Gordon Granger arrived in Galveston\, Texas\, on June 19\, 1865. Texas was one of the last Confederate states where slavery was still practiced\, as the minimal presence of Union troops in the region had delayed the enforcement of the Emancipation Proclamation. Granger read aloud "General Order No. 3" in Galveston\, proclaiming the freedom of enslaved people in Texas. \nThe first Juneteenth celebrations began in 1866. These were initially local Texas gatherings and involved prayer services and celebrations of African American culture. As African Americans migrated from Texas to other parts of the United States\, they carried the Juneteenth celebrations with them. \nTexas made Juneteenth a state holiday in 1980. Other states gradually followed\, recognizing it in various forms. \nOn June 17\, 2021\, President Joe Biden signed the Juneteenth National Independence Day Act\, which made Juneteenth an official federal holiday. \n \nWhat Do People Do on This Day?\nOn Juneteenth\, a variety of activities and events are organized to celebrate African American freedom\, culture\, and achievements. These celebrations are both joyful and reflective\, providing opportunities for community gathering\, education\, and reflection on the historical significance. Here are five common ways to celebrate: \nMany cities host festivals and parades featuring music\, dance\, and other performances that celebrate African American culture and history. \nChurches and religious organizations often hold special services or prayer meetings to honor the day and reflect on the journey of African Americans. \nFamilies often come together for cookouts\, picnics\, or barbecues. These gatherings are a way to reconnect with family members and pass down the historical significance of Juneteenth to younger generations. \nArt exhibitions\, film screenings\, and theater performances focusing on African American history and culture are often organized. These events highlight the contributions and resilience of the African American community. \nWorkshops\, seminars\, and lectures may be held to discuss the history of slavery\, the Civil War\, emancipation\, and current issues of racial justice and equity. \nWho was General Gordon Granger?\nGordon Granger was a Union general during the American Civil War\, best known for his role in the enforcement of the Emancipation Proclamation in Texas\, which led to the celebration of Juneteenth. His military career spanned decades\, and his actions during the Civil War and Reconstruction left a lasting impact. \nHe was born on November 6\, 1821\, in Joy\, New York\, and graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1845. He served in the Mexican-American War (1846–1848)\, gaining valuable combat experience\, and then participated in campaigns against Native American tribes and in various garrison duties across the United States. \nGranger quickly rose through the ranks during the Civil War\, earning recognition for his leadership and strategic mind and played key roles in several major battles such as the Battle of Chickamauga (1863) and the Battle of Mobile Bay (1864). \nAfter the Confederacy's surrender in April 1865\, Granger was assigned to command the District of Texas to restore federal authority and enforce emancipation. On June 19\, 1865\, Granger arrived in Galveston\, Texas\, with 2\,000 Union troops\, and issued "General Order No. 3"\, which effectively ended slavery in Texas\, freeing approximately 250\,000 enslaved people. \nGranger continued to serve in the U.S. Army during the Reconstruction period\, focusing on rebuilding Southern states and enforcing civil rights. Gordon Granger died on January 10\, 1876\, in Santa Fe\, New Mexico\, at the age of 54. URL:https://excelnotes.com/holiday/juneteenth/ CATEGORIES:Political Holiday ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://excelnotes.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Juneteenth-USA-01.jpg END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20250619 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20250620 DTSTAMP:20260624T124814 CREATED:20241222T025344Z LAST-MODIFIED:20241222T032731Z UID:10000094-1750291200-1750377599@excelnotes.com SUMMARY:Emancipation Day in Texas DESCRIPTION:In the state of Texas\, Emancipation Day is celebrated as Juneteenth\, a holiday that commemorates the emancipation of enslaved African Americans in the state. \nTable of Contents\n\nWhen is Emancipation Day?\nThe History of Emancipation Day?\nWhat Do People Do on This Day?\nWho is General Gordon Granger?\n\nWhen is Emancipation Day?\nEmancipation Day marks the day on June 19\, 1865\, when Union General Gordon Granger arrived in Galveston\, Texas\, to announce and enforce the end of slavery\, more than two years after the Emancipation Proclamation was issued by President Abraham Lincoln on January 1\, 1863. In the state of Texas\, Emancipation Day is observed on June 19 each year. \nThe following is the list of Emancipation Day from 2020 to 2049.\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n HolidayDateWeekday\n\n\n\n \n Emancipation DayJune 19\, 2020Friday \n \n Emancipation DayJune 19\, 2021Saturday \n \n Emancipation DayJune 19\, 2022Sunday \n \n Emancipation DayJune 19\, 2023Monday \n \n Emancipation DayJune 19\, 2024Wednesday \n \n Emancipation DayJune 19\, 2025Thursday \n \n Emancipation DayJune 19\, 2026Friday \n \n Emancipation DayJune 19\, 2027Saturday \n \n Emancipation DayJune 19\, 2028Monday \n \n Emancipation DayJune 19\, 2029Tuesday \n \n Emancipation DayJune 19\, 2030Wednesday \n \n Emancipation DayJune 19\, 2031Thursday \n \n Emancipation DayJune 19\, 2032Saturday \n \n Emancipation DayJune 19\, 2033Sunday \n \n Emancipation DayJune 19\, 2034Monday \n \n Emancipation DayJune 19\, 2035Tuesday \n \n Emancipation DayJune 19\, 2036Thursday \n \n Emancipation DayJune 19\, 2037Friday \n \n Emancipation DayJune 19\, 2038Saturday \n \n Emancipation DayJune 19\, 2039Sunday \n \n Emancipation DayJune 19\, 2040Tuesday \n \n Emancipation DayJune 19\, 2041Wednesday \n \n Emancipation DayJune 19\, 2042Thursday \n \n Emancipation DayJune 19\, 2043Friday \n \n Emancipation DayJune 19\, 2044Sunday \n \n Emancipation DayJune 19\, 2045Monday \n \n Emancipation DayJune 19\, 2046Tuesday \n \n Emancipation DayJune 19\, 2047Wednesday \n \n Emancipation DayJune 19\, 2048Friday \n \n Emancipation DayJune 19\, 2049Saturday \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\nThe History of Emancipation Day?\nOn January 1\, 1863\, President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation\, declaring all enslaved people in Confederate states to be free. However\, its enforcement depended on the advance of Union troops\, and in remote areas like Texas\, slavery continued due to the lack of a significant Union presence. \nDuring the Civil War\, Texas became a refuge for enslavers\, who moved their enslaved laborers westward to avoid Union forces. By 1865\, an estimated 250\,000 enslaved people were still held in bondage in Texas. \nOn June 19\, 1865\, Union General Gordon Granger arrived in Galveston\, Texas\, with 2\,000 troops to take control of the state and enforce emancipation. This announcement marked the formal end of slavery in Texas. \nThe first Juneteenth celebrations began in Texas in 1866\, just one year after the announcement of emancipation. Newly freed African Americans pooled resources to purchase land specifically for Juneteenth celebrations\, such as Emancipation Park in Houston in 1872. Juneteenth became a deeply rooted tradition in African American communities\, particularly in Texas\, but also spread to other parts of the country as people migrated. \nIn 1979\, Texas became the first state to recognize Juneteenth as an official state holiday\, largely due to the efforts of State Representative Al Edwards\, often referred to as the "Father of the Juneteenth Holiday." The first official observance in Texas took place on June 19\, 1980. \nJuneteenth gained national recognition when it became a federal holiday in 2021\, known as Juneteenth National Independence Day. \n \nWhat Do People Do on This Day?\nOn Emancipation Day in Texas\, people engage in a variety of activities that honor the history of emancipation\, celebrate freedom\, and reflect on African American culture and resilience. \nDiscussions\, lectures\, and storytelling sessions educate participants about the history of slavery\, emancipation\, and the Texas-specific significance of Juneteenth. Museums and historical sites host special exhibits and guided tours. \nMany cities in Texas host Juneteenth parades featuring floats\, marching bands\, dancers\, and performers celebrating African American heritage. Community festivals include live music\, cultural performances\, and local vendors offering food\, art\, and crafts. Traditional African and African American dances showcase cultural heritage and creativity. \nFamilies and friends gather to enjoy meals\, often including barbecue\, fried chicken\, and cornbread. Basketball tournaments\, baseball games\, and rodeos are popular at Juneteenth events. Many people enjoy outdoor games\, hiking\, and kayaking in parks and recreational areas. \nWho is General Gordon Granger?\nGordon Granger was a Union general during the American Civil War\, best known for his role in the enforcement of the Emancipation Proclamation in Texas\, which led to the celebration of Juneteenth. His military career spanned decades\, and his actions during the Civil War and Reconstruction left a lasting impact. \nHe was born on November 6\, 1821\, in Joy\, New York\, and graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1845. He served in the Mexican-American War (1846–1848)\, gaining valuable combat experience\, and then participated in campaigns against Native American tribes and in various garrison duties across the United States. \nGranger quickly rose through the ranks during the Civil War\, earning recognition for his leadership and strategic mind and played key roles in several major battles such as the Battle of Chickamauga (1863) and the Battle of Mobile Bay (1864). \nAfter the Confederacy's surrender in April 1865\, Granger was assigned to command the District of Texas to restore federal authority and enforce emancipation. On June 19\, 1865\, Granger arrived in Galveston\, Texas\, with 2\,000 Union troops\, and issued General Order No. 3\, which effectively ended slavery in Texas\, freeing approximately 250\,000 enslaved people. \nGranger continued to serve in the U.S. Army during the Reconstruction period\, focusing on rebuilding Southern states and enforcing civil rights. Gordon Granger died on January 10\, 1876\, in Santa Fe\, New Mexico\, at the age of 54. URL:https://excelnotes.com/holiday/emancipation-day-texas/ CATEGORIES:Political Holiday ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://excelnotes.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/General-Gordon-Granger.jpg END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20250522 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20250523 DTSTAMP:20260624T124814 CREATED:20250418T155409Z LAST-MODIFIED:20250418T155507Z UID:10000247-1747872000-1747958399@excelnotes.com SUMMARY:Unity Day Yemen DESCRIPTION:Unity Day commemorates the unification of North Yemen and South Yemen in 1990\, forming the modern-day Republic of Yemen. \nWhen is Unity Day?\nUnity Day is celebrated every year on May 22. \nThe following is the list of Unity Day from 2020 to 2049. \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n HolidayDateWeekday\n\n\n\n \n Unity DayMay 22\, 2020Friday \n \n Unity DayMay 22\, 2021Saturday \n \n Unity DayMay 22\, 2022Sunday \n \n Unity DayMay 22\, 2023Monday \n \n Unity DayMay 22\, 2024Wednesday \n \n Unity DayMay 22\, 2025Thursday \n \n Unity DayMay 22\, 2026Friday \n \n Unity DayMay 22\, 2027Saturday \n \n Unity DayMay 22\, 2028Monday \n \n Unity DayMay 22\, 2029Tuesday \n \n Unity DayMay 22\, 2030Wednesday \n \n Unity DayMay 22\, 2031Thursday \n \n Unity DayMay 22\, 2032Saturday \n \n Unity DayMay 22\, 2033Sunday \n \n Unity DayMay 22\, 2034Monday \n \n Unity DayMay 22\, 2035Tuesday \n \n Unity DayMay 22\, 2036Thursday \n \n Unity DayMay 22\, 2037Friday \n \n Unity DayMay 22\, 2038Saturday \n \n Unity DayMay 22\, 2039Sunday \n \n Unity DayMay 22\, 2040Tuesday \n \n Unity DayMay 22\, 2041Wednesday \n \n Unity DayMay 22\, 2042Thursday \n \n Unity DayMay 22\, 2043Friday \n \n Unity DayMay 22\, 2044Sunday \n \n Unity DayMay 22\, 2045Monday \n \n Unity DayMay 22\, 2046Tuesday \n \n Unity DayMay 22\, 2047Wednesday \n \n Unity DayMay 22\, 2048Friday \n \n Unity DayMay 22\, 2049Saturday \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\nThe History of Unity Day?\nBefore 1990\, the land that makes up modern-day Yemen was divided into two separate states: \n1. The Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen): Became independent from the Ottoman Empire in 1918\, and had a republican government\, largely aligned with Western and Gulf states. \n2. The People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (South Yemen): Gained independence from British colonial rule in 1967\, and became the only Marxist-Leninist state in the Arab world\, with close ties to the Soviet Union. \nDespite cultural similarities\, the two states had conflicting political ideologies and engaged in armed conflict multiple times – in 1972\, 1979\, and through border skirmishes in the 1980s. \nBy the late 1980s\, Cold War dynamics shifted\, and economic hardships\, especially in South Yemen\, encouraged both sides to seek unity. Negotiations between President Ali Abdullah Saleh (North) and Ali Salim al-Beidh (South) led to an agreement. \nOn May 22\, 1990\, the two countries officially merged to form the Republic of Yemen. Sana'a was designated the political capital\, and Aden the economic capital. \nA new national flag\, constitution\, and power-sharing government were created. This day became Unity Day\, a national holiday commemorating the birth of a united Yemeni state. URL:https://excelnotes.com/holiday/unity-day-yemen/ CATEGORIES:Political Holiday ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://excelnotes.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Unity-Day-Yemen.jpg END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20250430 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20250501 DTSTAMP:20260624T124814 CREATED:20250419T023250Z LAST-MODIFIED:20250419T023346Z UID:10000255-1745971200-1746057599@excelnotes.com SUMMARY:Reunification Day Vietnam DESCRIPTION:Reunification Day in Vietnam\, also known as Victory Day\, Liberation Day\, or Ngày Giải Phóng Miền Nam\, marks the fall of Saigon in 1975\, which signaled the end of the Vietnam War and the reunification of North and South Vietnam. \nWhen is Reunification Day?\nReunification Day is celebrated every year on April 30. \nThe following is the list of Reunification Day from 2020 to 2049. \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n HolidayDateWeekday\n\n\n\n \n Reunification DayApr 30\, 2020Thursday \n \n Reunification DayApr 30\, 2021Friday \n \n Reunification DayApr 30\, 2022Saturday \n \n Reunification DayApr 30\, 2023Sunday \n \n Reunification DayApr 30\, 2024Tuesday \n \n Reunification DayApr 30\, 2025Wednesday \n \n Reunification DayApr 30\, 2026Thursday \n \n Reunification DayApr 30\, 2027Friday \n \n Reunification DayApr 30\, 2028Sunday \n \n Reunification DayApr 30\, 2029Monday \n \n Reunification DayApr 30\, 2030Tuesday \n \n Reunification DayApr 30\, 2031Wednesday \n \n Reunification DayApr 30\, 2032Friday \n \n Reunification DayApr 30\, 2033Saturday \n \n Reunification DayApr 30\, 2034Sunday \n \n Reunification DayApr 30\, 2035Monday \n \n Reunification DayApr 30\, 2036Wednesday \n \n Reunification DayApr 30\, 2037Thursday \n \n Reunification DayApr 30\, 2038Friday \n \n Reunification DayApr 30\, 2039Saturday \n \n Reunification DayApr 30\, 2040Monday \n \n Reunification DayApr 30\, 2041Tuesday \n \n Reunification DayApr 30\, 2042Wednesday \n \n Reunification DayApr 30\, 2043Thursday \n \n Reunification DayApr 30\, 2044Saturday \n \n Reunification DayApr 30\, 2045Sunday \n \n Reunification DayApr 30\, 2046Monday \n \n Reunification DayApr 30\, 2047Tuesday \n \n Reunification DayApr 30\, 2048Thursday \n \n Reunification DayApr 30\, 2049Friday \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\nThe History of Reunification Day?\nAfter the First Indochina War ended in 1954\, the Geneva Accords temporarily divided Vietnam at the 17th parallel into two parts: \n1. North Vietnam: The Democratic Republic of Vietnam\, led by the communist government under Ho Chi Minh\, based in Hanoi.\n2. South Vietnam: The Republic of Vietnam\, a non-communist state supported by the United States and other Western powers\, based in Saigon. \nThe intention was to hold national elections in 1956 to unify the country\, but these elections were never held. This led to increasing tensions and ultimately\, the Vietnam War from 1955 to 1975. \nThe war pitted the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) and the Viet Cong (communist guerrilla forces in the South) against the USA backed South Vietnamese Army (ARVN). It became one of the longest and deadliest conflicts of the 20th century\, with massive casualties and destruction. \nAfter the Paris Peace Accords in 1973 and the withdrawal of U.S. troops\, the North continued its campaign to overthrow the South Vietnamese government. \nOn April 30\, 1975\, North Vietnamese tanks entered Saigon\, the capital of South Vietnam. The South Vietnamese government surrendered unconditionally. The Reunification Palace (then the Presidential Palace) was captured\, symbolizing the end of the war. \nThis event is seen by the Vietnamese government as the liberation of the South and reunification of the country. \nOn July 2\, 1976\, Vietnam was officially reunified as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Hanoi became the capital\, and Saigon was renamed Ho Chi Minh City in honor of the North's revolutionary leader. April 30 was declared a national public holiday to commemorate the reunification. URL:https://excelnotes.com/holiday/reunification-day-vietnam/ CATEGORIES:Political Holiday ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://excelnotes.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Reunification-Day-Vietnam.jpg END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20250421 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20250422 DTSTAMP:20260624T124814 CREATED:20241222T012727Z LAST-MODIFIED:20241222T021553Z UID:10000093-1745193600-1745279999@excelnotes.com SUMMARY:San Jacinto Day DESCRIPTION:San Jacinto Day is a Texas state holiday to commemorate the Battle of San Jacinto in 1836\, a pivotal event during the Texas Revolution. This decisive victory over Mexican forces led to Texas gaining independence from Mexico and the establishment of the Republic of Texas. \nTable of Contents\n\nWhen is San Jacinto Day?\nThe History of San Jacinto Day?\nWhat Do People Do on This Day?\nThe Goliad Massacre (March 27\, 1836)\n\nWhen is San Jacinto Day?\nSan Jacinto Day is observed annually on April 21. This Texas state holiday commemorates the Battle of San Jacinto\, fought on April 21\, 1836. \nThe following is the list of San Jacinto Day from 2020 to 2049.\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n HolidayDateWeekday\n\n\n\n \n San Jacinto DayApril 21\, 2020Tuesday \n \n San Jacinto DayApril 21\, 2021Wednesday \n \n San Jacinto DayApril 21\, 2022Thursday \n \n San Jacinto DayApril 21\, 2023Friday \n \n San Jacinto DayApril 21\, 2024Sunday \n \n San Jacinto DayApril 21\, 2025Monday \n \n San Jacinto DayApril 21\, 2026Tuesday \n \n San Jacinto DayApril 21\, 2027Wednesday \n \n San Jacinto DayApril 21\, 2028Friday \n \n San Jacinto DayApril 21\, 2029Saturday \n \n San Jacinto DayApril 21\, 2030Sunday \n \n San Jacinto DayApril 21\, 2031Monday \n \n San Jacinto DayApril 21\, 2032Wednesday \n \n San Jacinto DayApril 21\, 2033Thursday \n \n San Jacinto DayApril 21\, 2034Friday \n \n San Jacinto DayApril 21\, 2035Saturday \n \n San Jacinto DayApril 21\, 2036Monday \n \n San Jacinto DayApril 21\, 2037Tuesday \n \n San Jacinto DayApril 21\, 2038Wednesday \n \n San Jacinto DayApril 21\, 2039Thursday \n \n San Jacinto DayApril 21\, 2040Saturday \n \n San Jacinto DayApril 21\, 2041Sunday \n \n San Jacinto DayApril 21\, 2042Monday \n \n San Jacinto DayApril 21\, 2043Tuesday \n \n San Jacinto DayApril 21\, 2044Thursday \n \n San Jacinto DayApril 21\, 2045Friday \n \n San Jacinto DayApril 21\, 2046Saturday \n \n San Jacinto DayApril 21\, 2047Sunday \n \n San Jacinto DayApril 21\, 2048Tuesday \n \n San Jacinto DayApril 21\, 2049Wednesday \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\nThe History of San Jacinto Day?\nSan Jacinto battle is a significant battle that not only shaped the course of Texas history but also had lasting impacts on the United States and Mexico. \nIn the early 1820s\, Mexico encouraged settlers from the United States to colonize Texas (then part of Mexico) under the condition that they adopt Mexican laws and culture. Over time\, cultural and political tensions arose between the settlers and the Mexican government\, especially regarding immigration\, property rights\, and slavery. \nThe revolution began in 1835 as Texian settlers and Texans of Mexican descent rebelled against the centralized policies of Mexican President Antonio López de Santa Anna. \nAfter the fall in the Battle of the Alamo in March 1836 and the massacre at Goliad\, Texian forces retreated eastward to regroup\, and Mexican forces pursued Houston's army\, intending to crush the rebellion. \nOn April 21\, 1836\, near present-day Houston\, Texas\, along the banks of Buffalo Bayou\, Texian forces\, numbering about 900\, launched a surprise attack on Mexican forces' camp of approximately 1\,200 soldiers. The battle lasted only 18 minutes\, but the Texians inflicted heavy casualties\, killing over 600 Mexican soldiers and capturing 730 while losing only 9 men. \nThe following day\, Mexican President Santa Anna was captured while attempting to flee. Under duress\, Santa Anna signed treaties recognizing Texas's independence\, although Mexico never formally ratified the agreement. \nTexans began informally commemorating the battle soon after the victory\, recognizing its significance in securing independence. In 1874\, the state of Texas officially declared April 21 as San Jacinto Day\, a public holiday to honor the battle and those who fought for Texas's independence. \n \nWhat Do People Do on This Day?\nSan Jacinto Day is marked by various events and activities reflecting pride in Texan history\, culture\, and heritage. \nMany people visit the San Jacinto Monument\, a towering obelisk dedicated to the battle. The accompanying museum offers exhibits\, artifacts\, and presentations about the Texas Revolution. \nLocal parades often feature floats\, marching bands\, and participants dressed as historical figures like Sam Houston and Santa Anna. \nSchools\, libraries\, and museums host lectures and storytelling events about the Texas Revolution and the significance of San Jacinto. Families and communities gather to share meals\, often featuring traditional Texan dishes like barbecue\, chili\, and Tex-Mex cuisine. Parks and recreational areas host activities such as hikes\, kayaking\, and nature walks\, encouraging people to enjoy Texas's natural beauty. \nThe Goliad Massacre (March 27\, 1836)\nThe Goliad Massacre was one of the darkest moments of the Texas Revolution\, where approximately 400 Texian prisoners of war were executed by Mexican forces under the orders of General Santa Anna. It occurred on March 27\, 1836\, in Goliad\, Texas\, and became a rallying cry for Texian independence. \nIn 1835\, Texians began their fight for independence from Mexico\, clashing with Mexican forces in a series of battles. By early 1836\, Texian troops led by Colonel James Fannin occupied a strategic fort in Goliad\, Texas. \nJames Fannin received orders to join other Texian forces but delayed his withdrawal due to logistical challenges and miscommunication. On March 19\, 1836\, Fannin's forces were surrounded by Mexican troops. After a fierce battle\, Fannin surrendered on March 20\, believing his men would be treated as prisoners of war and spared execution. \nMexican President and General Santa Anna\, aiming to crush the Texian rebellion\, ordered the execution of all captured Texian soldiers\, declaring them pirates and enemies of the state. On the morning of March 27\, James Fannin and his men were marched out of the fort in groups under the pretense of relocation. They were led to nearby fields and lined up\, where Mexican soldiers opened fire on them. \nA few Texians managed to escape\, either by fleeing during the confusion or being spared through intervention by Mexican officers sympathetic to their plight. Approximately 400 Texians were killed in the massacre\, and this was one of the largest single losses of life for Texian forces during the revolution. \nLess than a month after the massacre\, Texian forces led by Sam Houston defeated Santa Anna's army at the Battle of San Jacinto on April 21\, 1836\, securing Texas's independence. URL:https://excelnotes.com/holiday/san-jacinto-day/ CATEGORIES:Political Holiday ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://excelnotes.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/San-Jacinto-Day.jpg END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20250418 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20250419 DTSTAMP:20260624T124814 CREATED:20250417T043943Z LAST-MODIFIED:20250417T043943Z UID:10000237-1744934400-1745020799@excelnotes.com SUMMARY:Independence Day Zimbabwe DESCRIPTION:Independence Day in Zimbabwe marks the day in 1980 when Zimbabwe officially gained independence from British colonial rule and became a sovereign nation. \nWhen is Independence Day?\nIndependence Day in Zimbabwe is celebrated annually on April 18th. \nThe following is the list of Independence Day from 2020 to 2049. \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n HolidayDateWeekday\n\n\n\n \n Independence DayApr 18\, 2020Saturday \n \n Independence DayApr 18\, 2021Sunday \n \n Independence DayApr 18\, 2022Monday \n \n Independence DayApr 18\, 2023Tuesday \n \n Independence DayApr 18\, 2024Thursday \n \n Independence DayApr 18\, 2025Friday \n \n Independence DayApr 18\, 2026Saturday \n \n Independence DayApr 18\, 2027Sunday \n \n Independence DayApr 18\, 2028Tuesday \n \n Independence DayApr 18\, 2029Wednesday \n \n Independence DayApr 18\, 2030Thursday \n \n Independence DayApr 18\, 2031Friday \n \n Independence DayApr 18\, 2032Sunday \n \n Independence DayApr 18\, 2033Monday \n \n Independence DayApr 18\, 2034Tuesday \n \n Independence DayApr 18\, 2035Wednesday \n \n Independence DayApr 18\, 2036Friday \n \n Independence DayApr 18\, 2037Saturday \n \n Independence DayApr 18\, 2038Sunday \n \n Independence DayApr 18\, 2039Monday \n \n Independence DayApr 18\, 2040Wednesday \n \n Independence DayApr 18\, 2041Thursday \n \n Independence DayApr 18\, 2042Friday \n \n Independence DayApr 18\, 2043Saturday \n \n Independence DayApr 18\, 2044Monday \n \n Independence DayApr 18\, 2045Tuesday \n \n Independence DayApr 18\, 2046Wednesday \n \n Independence DayApr 18\, 2047Thursday \n \n Independence DayApr 18\, 2048Saturday \n \n Independence DayApr 18\, 2049Sunday \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\nThe History of Independence Day?\nIndependence Day in Zimbabwe marks the country's official transition from colonial rule to independence in 1980. \nIn the late 19th century\, British colonists under Cecil Rhodes established control over the territory\, naming it Southern Rhodesia. \nIt became a self-governing British colony in 1923\, but power remained in the hands of the white minority\, excluding the Black African majority from political participation. \nBy the 1950s and 1960s\, growing African nationalism led to the formation of political movements. These movements initiated an armed liberation war in the 1960s\, known as the Second Chimurenga\, against the Rhodesian government led by Ian Smith\, who had declared unilateral independence from Britain in 1965\, maintaining white-minority rule. \nAfter years of violent conflict and international pressure\, peace talks culminated in the Lancaster House Agreement in December 1979. \nThe agreement called for democratic elections under British supervision and the establishment of majority rule. \nOn April 18\, 1980\, Zimbabwe became an independent republic. Robert Mugabe\, leader of ZANU-PF\, became the country's first Prime Minister. URL:https://excelnotes.com/holiday/independence-day-zimbabwe/ CATEGORIES:Political Holiday ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://excelnotes.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Independence-Day-Zimbabwe.jpg END:VEVENT END:VCALENDAR